Pre-Design and Analysis Flashcards
Plays a critical role in site planning and design.
SITE SELECTION
is development that occurs on vacant or remnant lands passed
over by previous development.
URBAN INFILL
“replacement, remodeling, or reuse of existing structures to
accommodate new development”
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
building on previously developed land helps top
reduce the development’s “ecological footprint”
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
5 TYPES SITE SELECTION SCOPE
- Programming
- User Needs and Preferences
- Visual Preference Survey (VPS)
- Design Precedents
- Program Documentation
expressed in terms of quantity and quality of spaces needed to meet anticipated project needs.
Programming
Qualities of a successful project programmer
- Communicates the proposed process to all involved.
- Does not lock in preconceived solutions.
- Reconciles subcomponent needs with overall organizational goals and resources.
- Frequently tests and reviews design concepts as functional and space models are explored.
Four Basic Steps of Project Programming
- Initiate the project.
- Develop the project’s mission and objectives.
- Determine the project’s operational and physical requirements.
- Document and present the program to the client.
Most common methods of information gathering to support program development
- Interviews
- Surveys
- Document analysis
- Behavioral observation
- Visiting a state-of-the-art project
- Literature search
- Other (for example, interactive group techniques such as charrettes, workshops and discussions)
Site reconnaissance to support diverse information:
- Historic and current aerial photographs
- Zoning Maps
- Road Maps
- Soil Maps
- Flood Hazard Maps
- Tax Assessment Maps
User Needs and Preferences
Stakeholders: (Goldman and Peatross, 1993, p. 362)
* Elected officials
* Appointed officials
* Facility operators
* Funding managers and analysts
* Public works and building maintenance staff
* Citizen groups representing taxpayers
useful way to solicit stakeholder opinions concerning future
development, redevelopment, or restoration alternatives.
Visual Preference Survey (VPS)
helps citizens and community leaders envision design alternatives in ways that words, maps, and other communications media cannot; deal for “visioning” projects, design charrettes, and other physical planning activities with public involvement.
Visual Preference Survey (VPS)
the process of evaluating buildings in a systematic and rigorous manner after they have been built and occupied for some time.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
The Landscape Architecture Foundation (LAF) has developed a
_____________ for site planning projects, and recommends collecting
the following information:
Case Study Method
specify the land uses, activities, or facilities that will occur on the
site, the amount of space required for these proposed activities, the desired spatial relationships among these activities, and even
the phasing of the development.
Program Documentation
Site Selection Process
Step 1: Clarify Project Objectives and Site Requirements
Step 2: Choose the Site Selection Criteria
Step 3: Collect Site Data and Select Potential Sites
Step 4: Evaluate Each Site’s Sustainability
Step 5: Rank the Alternatives Sites and Select the Best One
Step 6: Test Project Feasibility
____________ have both biotic and abiotic components, and the ecological structure and function of landscapes are influenced by the complex interplay of biological, physical, and cultural systems.
Ecosystems
a transdisciplinary science concerned with landscape structure, function, and change.
Landscape ecology
Both________ and ________ can help to inform more context-sensitive land use planning at regional, community, and sites scales.
basic and applied research in landscape ecology
is an aggregation of interacting species living together in the same
place.
Ecological Community
- the spatial arrangement of habitat patches and corridors, along with the intervening land uses and land covers
– strongly influences biodiversity and other indicators of ecosystem health.
Landscape Pattern
the spatial boundaries of ecological communities – are especially
important areas biologically, where animals may find shelter in one ecotone but seek food in another habitat.
Ecotones
The __________ of an organism is the place where it lives or the place where one would go to find it.
habitat
The ecological ______, however, is the position or status of an organism within its community and ecosystem resulting from the organism’s structural adaptations, physiological responses, and specific behaviors (inherited and/or learned).
niche
By analogy, biologically speaking:
- the habitat is the organism’s “_______”,
address
By analogy, biologically speaking:
the niche is its “______”,
profession
or sometimes referred as exotic species are particularly successful
colonizers when the new habitats present minimal competitive controls that limit their growth and reproduction.
Invasive Species
Classification of wetlands on the basis of plant and soil conditions:
- Areas with hydrophytes and hydric soils. (marshes, swamps, and
bogs) - Areas without soils with\ hydrophytes. (aquatic beds and seaweed-covered rocky shores)
- Areas without soil and without hydrophytes (gravel beaches and tidal flats) that are periodically flooded.
Five general classes and several subclasses wetland classification
scheme:
- Marine (open ocean and its associated coastline)
- Estuarine (tidal waters of coastal rivers and embayment, salty tidal marshes, mangrove swamps, and tidal flats)
- Riverine (rivers and streams)
- Lacustrine (lakes, reservoirs, and large ponds)
- Palustrine (marshes, wet meadows, fens, playas, potholes, bogs, swamps, and small, shallow ponds)
-are critically important elements in the built environment’s green
infrastructure.
Plants
Purpose of Trees
- serve multiple design functions that directly benefit people and the environment.
- help clean the air and create habitat for insects.
- serve as wind breaks, provide shade, and reduce the costs – and
environmental impacts – of heating and cooling nearby buildings.
Four factors that affect the economic value of trees:
- Size
- Species
- Condition
- Location
