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PSYC112 > Social psyc > Flashcards

Social psyc Flashcards

1
Q

who is more likely to have argued that the nature of society can make people “do bad thing”
Jean Jacque roussau or thomas hobbs

A

thomas hobbs

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2
Q

who believes that everyone is good and it is only their institutions that make him bad

A

Rousseau

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3
Q

who believes that everyone is by nature solitary, poore, nasty and brutish

A

Hobbes

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4
Q

Debates and dialogues weakness or strength

A

strength

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5
Q

what is the cognitive perspective

A

perception effects behaviour
- if treat bad behaviour as a accidental = unlikely to respond aggressively
- if treat behaviour as deliberate then may respond aggressively

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6
Q

what is the learning perspective

A

emphasis on principles of reinforcement
e.g. encourgement

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7
Q

Motivational perspective

A

emphasis on basic human needs

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8
Q

Biological perspective

A

evolutionary past and genetic disposition

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9
Q

Cultural perspective

A

emphasis how culture affects social behaviour

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10
Q

what are the 4 levels of explanation in social psyc

A
  1. intra- personal level
  2. inter-personal level
  3. inter-group level
  4. societal level
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11
Q

intRA-personal is based on

A

what goes on inside the person

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12
Q

intER-personal level

A

intERactions between two people

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13
Q

Inter-group

A

based on group level behaviour

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14
Q

societal level

A

cultural effects on behaviour

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15
Q

what was feud the first to draw attention to

A
  1. the study of the unconscious
  2. developmental aspects of personality
  3. taking cures
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16
Q

Hobbes claimed that a persons baser instincts were curbed by …

A

external sanctions

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17
Q

feud claimed that external restraints of society were internalised during

A

Childhood

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18
Q

what are the 3 subsystems involved in conflict

A

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

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19
Q

ID is the

A

most primitive part of the psych
- basic erges, need to gain sexual pleasures
- angel

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20
Q

EGO

A

reality principle
- satisfy the ID pragmatically in accordance with societal norms

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21
Q

SUPERGO

A

moral policeman
- rules of parents and society
- punishments if rules broken
- leads to intense anxiety

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22
Q

defense mechanisms
- displacement

A

impulses redirected into a different place
buring out sexual frustration while running on the tread mill

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23
Q

defense mechanisms
- reaction formation

A

original wish is supplanted w/ opposite
e.g opposites attract

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24
Q

defense mechanisms
projection

A

urges are projected onto others

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25
Q

defense mechanisms
isolation

A

awareness of memories but not emotions
e.g. isolating yourself away from emotions

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26
Q

descibe the phallic stage
(4-6yrs)

A

boys wants to sexually posses the mother - hating father
- fears father may find out and castrate (make hime anxious) him

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27
Q

fears father may find out and castrate (make hime anxious) him - during phallic stage leads to

A

castration anxiety

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28
Q

Electra complex

A

girl relises that she doesnt have penis - she is regarded as a catastrophe
- penis envy
- turns to father sexual atterntion - hates mother

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29
Q

what are the problems of feuds theories

A
  1. never actually studied children
  2. ideas not falsifable
  3. little experimental eviden to support ideas
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30
Q

what is experimental evidence w/ feuds

A
  1. data more appropriatly explained through other processes
  2. experiments supporting feuds claims are aften flawed
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31
Q

what is a flawed expirment of feuds

A

claimed that threating stimuli is repressed
- threating vs non-threating words through tachistoscope
- found threathing words to longer to report = supports idea of repression

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32
Q

what is repression

A

unconscious blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from your conscious mind.

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33
Q

in the milgram experiment obedience was greatest when the…

A

learner was out out of site

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34
Q

in the milagram experiment when the teacher and learner were in the same room obedience

A

dropped to around 40%

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35
Q

obedience was highest when the authority figure was

A

close by and percieved as legitamate

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36
Q

when woman are teachers they obey ____ as much as men

A

just

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37
Q

_______ more likely to obey

A

authoritarians

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38
Q

what is self-fulfilling prophecy

A

peoples expectations lead them to act towards others in a way that brings about the expected behaviours - conforming there original opinion

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39
Q

Guards became ______ , the prisoners developed a sense of ______

A

disillusioned, efficacy

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40
Q

In the prison study, Zimbardo found, _____

A

Consistent with Milgram, evidence for situational factors underlying brutal behaviour

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41
Q

why was freud viewed as the modern day hobbes

A

he believed that the basic human condition was “seeking cauldron of pleasure seeking instincts

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42
Q

why would theiir be a conflict between instincts and demands of society

A

drives and impulses can never go away
think about it like a garden hose with lots of holes and water is squirting up - if you try to close them then other would just come through

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43
Q

what one of the 3 sub systems of conflict leads to anxiety

A

superego

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44
Q

T/F ID will not remain repressed but will always reappear

A

true

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45
Q

what age is oral stage

A

0-2 yrs

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46
Q

what ages is the anal stage

A

2-4years

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47
Q

what ages is the phallic stage

A

4-6yrs

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48
Q

what age is the latency stage

A

6-12yrs

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49
Q

what age is the genital stage

A

12+ years

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50
Q

if had problems with oral stage what would this lead to

A

oral fixation, smoking, drinking, thumb sucking

51
Q

if had problems with anal stage what would this lead to

A

anal retentivenss, won’t spend money, doesn’t like giving, likes painting

52
Q

if had problems with phallic stage what would this lead to

A

castration anxiety can lead to boy becoming gay

53
Q

what did feud claim about children whose parent treat them harshly would redirect ….

A

aggressive instinct on to others who have less power

54
Q

what does evidence suggest about authoritarian aggression is caused by

A

observatonal learning

55
Q

what are the 3 components attiudes comprised of

A
  1. cognitive
  2. affective
  3. behavioural
56
Q

what is the bogus pipe line

A
  1. technique of attitude measurement
  2. told that is measures minute changes in their muscle
  3. lie dected
57
Q

what does electromyography measure

A

activity of facial muscle - emotions
e.g. electrical muscles

58
Q

LaPiere - source of controversy invesigated what

A

relationship between attidues and behaviour
- chineses couple touring 50 hotels and 200 resturants

59
Q

what 3 things does theory of planned behaviour demonstrate the relationship between attidue and behaviour
- and why many studies fail to finde relation because they don’t take these factors into account

A
    • attitude towards behaviour
  2. noms support our attitude
  3. behaviour is under our control
60
Q

what is the support for the theory of planned behaviour

A

blood donation, exercise regularly, drive safely

61
Q

what dis himmelweit found in a 15yr study
- attidue stability and change

A

attitudes to capital punishment did not change

62
Q

what is one reason that attitude can change

A

cognitive dissonance (harshness)
- behaviour is irreversible change our attitude

63
Q

when are we more likely to to change attitude

A

if the message is presensted quickly, long, without hesitation

64
Q

when are we more likley to be influenced by attidues if the source is

A

if the source is trustworthy, attractive, likeable

65
Q

emotional appeals - fear can work in circumstances where ( 2 things) - drink driving ads

A
  1. the message evokes moderate to strong fear
  2. the message provides a feasible (low cost) way to reduce the threat
66
Q

if we are influenced by the world however stand apart from normality what is this

A

attitude resilience

67
Q

can measurements of attributions be internal or external

A

both

68
Q

why would someone rate more internally on the likert scale fordoing well on their maths tests

A

because they were cleaver

69
Q

why would someone more externally on the likert scale on doing well on their maths test

A

course was was easy

70
Q

what attributional style is this I can’t seem to decide firmly on a career… this seems to be due to my unwillingness to face reality = more likely to blame themselves

A

pessimistic style

71
Q

what attribution style is this : my carreer in the army has be chequered but on the whole characteristic of the army = blame others

A

optimistic style

72
Q

do both optimistic and pessimistic style have negative experiences

A

yes

73
Q

what are the two motivational basis of attributes

A

self esteem and control

74
Q

if we behave positive then put this to own internal qualities can ____ self esteem

A

maintain

75
Q

if we behave negative in some way then place this on same internal qualities then can ___ self-esteem

A

decrease

76
Q

attributes can ____ control

A

enhance

77
Q

why is control function not always postivie

A

people blame function e.g. rape etc

78
Q

what level of analysis is this: focus on the criteria by which individuals analyse info and come to make an attribution

A

intra personal

79
Q

what are the 2 main theories related to intra personal

A
  • correspondence interence
  • covariation and configuration
80
Q

consistency, consensus or distinctiveness
if MR brown is always hostile to you

A

consistency,

81
Q

consistency, consensus or distinctiveness
if other people are normally hostile to you

A

consensus

82
Q

consistency, consensus or distinctiveness
if Mr Brown tends to be hostile to other people

A

distinctiveness

83
Q

what level of analysis: deals with face to face attributions

A

interpersonal

84
Q

what is the two main effects of inter personal

A

actor observer effect
self-serving bias

85
Q

people tend to attribute the cause of their own actions to external factors, they tend to attribute the cause of others actions to internal cause. What interpersonal type is this?

A

actor -observer effect

86
Q

people take credit for their successes by not their failures: what interpersonal level is this

A

self serving bias

87
Q

what level of analysis is this: attributions at this level examine the way in which the members of different groups explain behaviour e.g, catholics and protestants

A

intergroup

88
Q

what level of analysis is this: shows that while individuals from cultures favour dispositional explantation individuals from Non-western cultures tend to favour environment explanations

A

societal level

89
Q

repeated exposure to any stimulus makes it more appealing what effect is this

A

mere exposure effect

90
Q

what did mita et al claim about mere repeated exposure

A

we should prefer photos of our facial images as we see them in the mirror

91
Q

Our friends should prefer a photo of us looking in the mirror or normal photo of our faces

A

normal photo of our faces as that is the one they see most often

92
Q

personality differences conflict of interests etc can all lead to ___

A

antagonism

93
Q

those that are emotionaly aroused rate others as more —

A

attractive

94
Q

those men that cross the scary swing bridge were more likely to what to the female experimenter that asked them questions

A

more likely to ask for their phone number

95
Q

from the walster et al experiment about the students reactions to blind date what did they find

A

the more attractive you were rated the more your wer liked by your date

96
Q

what are the many benefits to attractiveness

A
  • more likely to be hired for jobs
  • students get better grades
97
Q

what social influence is this: how the physical presence of others influences our behaviour e.g. will laugh if others laugh

A

social facilitation

98
Q

what drives the theory of facilitation

A

the presence of others leads to increased arousal

99
Q

our performance is ___ if our dominant response is appropriate

A

enhanced

100
Q

diffusion of responsibiliy: the idea that as group size increases individual responsibility ___

A

decreases

101
Q

presence of other people can have a bizarre or negative effect - what is this

A

deindividuation

102
Q

drecrease in ____ leads to an increase in ant-social behaviour

A

self awareness

103
Q

what study incorprated the in deindividuationdue to the roles

A

zimbardo

104
Q

what did the philip zimbardo prision experiment examine

A

how social roles affected individual behaviour (guards/ prisoners)

105
Q

what did the prisions had to refer the guards as in the prison experiment

A

“mr correctional officer”

106
Q

what role did zimbardo take on the role as

A

prison superintendent

107
Q

in the 1st phase of the prison experiment (settling in) what was found

A
  1. not fully in roles
  2. guards felt akward
  3. prisoners didn’t take them seriously
108
Q

in the second phase of SPE what did they find

A
  1. guards more serious
  2. 1 prionser punished into hole - prisoners came angry and din’t follow orders
  3. “time for revolution had come”
109
Q

in the 3rd phase of SPE what was found

A
  1. guards became brutal
  2. prisoners intimidated
110
Q

how many days after the SPE starting did it have to be stopped because it got out of control

A

6 days

111
Q

what does the SPE suggest about ordinary people

A

can be transfomed by immediate context to perform brutal acts - pervasive idea

112
Q

thoses that took part in the SPE were more… and less

A

authoritarina, narcissistiv and socially dominant less empathetic and altruistic

113
Q

why don’t people automativally take on roles

A

they need to identify with them

114
Q

what was milgram work for the obedience study motivated by

A

world war 2

115
Q

what was the purpose of the milgam experiment

A

to examin the effects of punishment on memory

116
Q

why did people go to extreme on the obedience experiment

A
  1. responsiblity was on the experimenter
  2. small punishment to greater ones
  3. social identity
  4. experimenter was directive and seemed legit
117
Q

what is prejuice

A

expression of negative affect or behaviour towards members of a group

118
Q

what is this personality type: overly deferentia to those in authority whilst hostle towards those perceived as inferior

A

authoritarian personality

119
Q

attitudes reflect the objective interests of the in-group with is this theory

A

realistic conflict theory

120
Q

what is the most influential method of discrimination

A

minimal group paradigm

121
Q

a scientific attempt to create an empty environment where researchers could then systemativally add varible that would elicit discrimination - what is this paradigm

A

minnimal goup paradigm

122
Q

fundamental attribution error is not

A

inevitable

123
Q

zajonc theory of social facilitation assumes that the presence of other

A

enchances welll practised response

PSYC112 (6 decks)

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