Social Perception

Question 1

Social Perception

Answer 1

The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people

Question 2

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 2

The way in which people communicate intentionally or unintentionally without words (facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body movement, etc)

Question 3

Facial expressions

Answer 3

There are six major emotional expressions: anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, and sadness

Question 4

Affect Blends

Answer 4

occur when one part of the face registers one emotion and another part, a different emotion

Question 5

Display rules

Answer 5

particular to each culture and dictate what kinds of emotional expressions people are supposed to show

Question 6

Emblems

Answer 6

non-verbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within given culture, the usually have direct verbal translations like the “OK” sign.

Question 7

Implicit Personality Theory

Answer 7

A type of schema people use to group various kids of personality traits together; for example, many people believe that someone who is kind is generous as well.

Question 8

Internal Attribution

Answer 8

The inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitude, character, or personality.

Question 9

External Attribution

Answer 9

The inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of somethin about the situation he or she is in.
The assumption is that most people would respond the same way in that situation

Question 10

Correspondence Bias (Fundamental Attribution Error)

Answer 10

the tendency to believe that people’s behavior matches (corresponds to) their dispositions

Question 11

Covariation Model

Answer 11

Focuses on observations of behavior across time, place, actors, and targets and whether the person perceiving it chooses either internal or external attributions.

A theory that states that to form an attribution about what caused a person’s behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence or absence of possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs.

Question 12

Consensus Information

Answer 12

How someone behaves in the same way other people around them do

Information about the extent to which other people behave the same way towards the same stimulus as the actor does

Question 13

Distinctiveness Information

Answer 13

How someone behaves in the same way in multiple situations

Information about the extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way to different stimuli.

Question 14

Consistency Information

Answer 14

How someone behaves in the same context consistently

Information about the extent to which the behavior between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances

Question 15

Perceptual Salience

Answer 15

The seeming importance of information that is the focus of people’s attention

Question 16

Two step process of the Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 16

1. First we make an internal attribution; we assume that the person’s behavior was due to something about that person
2. Then we attempt to adjust this attribution by considering the situation the person was in. But we often don’t make enough of an adjustment in the 2nd step.

Question 17

Actor/Observer Difference

Answer 17

We tend to see other people’s behavior as representing who they are, while we are more likely to see our own behavior as situationally caused.

Occurs because of perceptual salience

Question 18

Self-Serving Attributions

Answer 18

Explanations for one’s successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one’s failures that blame external, situational factors.

People tend to give themselves more credit when they succeed and less credit when they fail.

Question 19

Defensive Attributions

Answer 19

Explanations for behavior that avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality

Question 20

Self-serving Bias:

Answer 20

The tendency to perceive ourselves favorably

Demonstrated in 4 ways:
-Self serving attributions
-being better than average
-unrealistic optimism
-false consensus

Question 21

Attributions

Answer 21

Explanations for events

Question 22

False Consensus

Answer 22

We tend to overestimate the number of people who agree with us on a given issue