social movements

Question 1

origins

Answer 1

Marked by protest and contention
The early forms of mobilization would differ from modern forms of movements because they were short lived, short term, limited in scope and focussed on local concerns

Question 2

Repertoires of collective action

Answer 2

Particular forms of protest available to and/or developed by social actors at a specific moment
Developed in a particular place and shaped by the prevailing sense of justice to which it must appeal
Evolve over time through exchanges, innovation, trial and error
Pre-modern repertoire: stoning, screaming, public shaming, beating
Short in duration, not strong in impact, local in scope

Question 3

Modern repertoire

Answer 3

Large scale demos, strikes, boycotts, petitions, statements to and in public media, blockades, sit-in, disobedience, radical art
Cosmopolitan, targeting at national authorities
Modular: easily be transported to many locales and situations

Question 4

WUNC

Answer 4

worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment on the part of themselves and or their constituencies

Question 5

Worthiness

Answer 5

Presence of dignitaries (moral authorities); sober demeanor, neat clothing, mothers with children, the elderlies

Question 6

unity

Answer 6

matching badges, headbands, banners, or costumes; marching in ranks; singing and chanting

Question 7

Numbers

Answer 7

filling streets, headcounts, signatures on petitions, messages from constituents, filling streets, retweets, repostings, and numbers of likes

Question 8

Commitment

Answer 8

braving bad weather; visible participation by the old and disabled; resistance to repression; ostentatious sacrifice, subscription, and/ or benefaction

Question 9

Not too positive movements

Answer 9

Not all mobilization comes with or is for liberation
Not all grievances are for equality and inclusion
Think of neo-fascist and conservative movements, fundamentalism, terrorist attacks, suicide bombers

Question 10

Lvls of activity (scopes)
Almedia (2019)

Answer 10

everyday forms of resistance
Local grassroots
National social movements
Waves of protest
Revolutionary movements
Transnational social movements

Question 11

Everyday resistance

Answer 11

Core characteristics
Small acts of resistance by small groups under extremely oppressive conditions
Ex. work slowdowns (ex. Foot dragging) on plantation systems; humming national anthem while under foreign military occupation
“Weapon of the weak” or micro resistance

pre-conditions needed to participate in protests and politics (rational, fed, educated, abled, documented)? false consciousness and ideologically manipulated poor?

Question 12

Local grassroot

Answer 12

Core characteristics
Community groups struggling over a local grievance and targeting local political and economic elites
Ex. local mobilization against polluting facilities such as landfills, incinerators, hog farms; neighbourhood struggles for parks, sidewalks, and streetlights

Question 13

National social movements

Answer 13

Core characteristics
Nationally organized struggles w broad goals for social change composed of many social movement orgs
Ex. women’s movement, civil rights movement, environmental, immigrant rights

Question 14

Waves of protest

Answer 14

Core characteristics
Multiple social movements and groups acting close together in time w a heightened lvl of protest across the national territory
Ex. protests in the US in the 1960’s and early 70’s, 2017-18; argentina, 1997-2002; bolivia 2000-2005; honduras 2009-11; syria 2011-12; spain 2011-14; greece 2010-14

Question 15

Revolutionary movements

Answer 15

Core characteristics
Movements that seek the overthrow of the gov and the seizing of state power as the primary objective
Ex. french, russian, chinese, and iranian revolutions, arab spring

Question 16

Transnational movements

Answer 16

Core characteristics
Movements that are organized in multiple countries and coordinate their actions
Ex. human rights movement, climate justice movement

Question 17

Social movementism

Answer 17

What about those who structurally lack institutional power of disruption
What about supper oppressive and violence gov?
What about other modes of protests that do not fit these descriptions

Question 18

Tactics of social movement

Answer 18

Contained, Disruptive, Violent, Corporeal

Question 19

Contained

Answer 19

Protest forms that have become fairly conventional and are often legally protected by freedom of speech in democratic societies.
Ex. marches, demos, rallies, and consumer boycotts

Question 20

Disruptive

Answer 20

Forms of nonviolent direct action (may skirt or cross the boundaries of lawfulness)
ex. Sit-in, encampment, roadblocks, barricades, and civil disobedience

Question 21

Violent

Answer 21

Most extreme and illegal
Ex. actions targeting [property, infrastructures or individs

Question 22

Corporeal

Answer 22

Forms of protest that directly use (or even harm) body
Ex. South African shanty town women protesting using their naked bodies
Refugees lip-sewing and hunger strike at European borders

Question 23

What determines what tactics are used?

Answer 23

Organizational goals
What objs condition what methods are used
Organization skills and attributes
Different goals and groups of protestors require different capacities and investments
Nature of regime
Repressive or democratic
Emotions and ideology
Affective states and ideology lead to use of specific
Repertoires
Only set of limited # of tactics become available

Question 24

Relative deprivation

Answer 24

Social inequality is primary cause of social movement
Strains leading to grievance, and social movement as a possible avenue to address these grievances
Subjective perception of inequality
Dominant until the 60’s w the rise of civil rights movements

Question 25

Resource mobilization

Answer 25

grievance is a condition, but not a sufficient one to explain emergence and maintenance of social movements resources are central: people, economic, leaders, support and connections, moral support, cultural resources rational actors and choices inverse-U: no resources, no movement, too much resources, no grievance and reason to engage in unconventional politics

Question 26

Political process/opp

Answer 26

straightforward argument: movements are likely to form and succeed when the political climate/structures offer a window of opportunity “context matters” political opportunities: vulnerability or cracks in the system; division, decline in repression, increased political pluralism and disenfranchisement mobilizing structures: providing membership, organization, leadership, and communication

Question 27

Framing theory

Answer 27

messages into mainstream media and public: can expand the debate around an issue, energize a movement by mobilizing a population, and increase movement and organizational legitimacy in the political sphere framing is the process of constructing and defining events for an audience through the control of the agenda and vocabulary frames are a central organizing idea that tells an audience what is at issue and outlines the boundaries of a debate frames are contested

Question 28

New social movement theory

Answer 28

before: industrial society; strongly class-based, working class, labour, welfare or resources distribution; governance n after: post-industrial society, a new middle-class n new concerns in postmodern society: individual autonomy, democratization, identities, lifestyles Theoretical appr New social movement theory NSMs often operate in a decentralized network rather than in a centralized fashion § the types of members participating are more varied § NSMs focus on issues of everyday life including quality of life, the environment, and inequality § NSMs call attention to identity formation as key to the movement