race Flashcards
racialization
the way that others classify people by visible characteristics, such as hair colour, hair type, skin colour, and facial features.
4 dimensions of ethnic groups
Group members share a homeland or ancestry.
Group members share a history, with key historical events and a collective memory.
Group members share an identity, with similar traditions, customs, and symbols.
Group members feel they belong and think others see them as belonging.
ethnic groups
People who share a common homeland, language, or culture.
William Edward Burghardt DuBois
an African American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and writer. He made significant contributions to society, especially to the African American struggle for freedom and equality, and his ideas have profoundly impacted history, sociology, political science, and literary studies.
“double consciousness,” “the veil,” and “the color line.”
Double consciousness
Double consciousness refers to the experience of African Americans who must reconcile their Black identity with the expectations and values of the dominant white society.
the veil
represents the separation between whites and Blacks, which makes it difficult for white people to understand the Black experience.
the colour line
refers to the racial segregation and discrimination that divide American society along Black and white lines.
Tarana Burke
highlight how the intersectionality of “race” and gender made Black girls and women particularly vulnerable to sexual harassment and abuse.
-metoo
-minority women, negative consequences are amplified
ethnic enclaves
An area with a high concentration of residents having a particular ethnicity or set of related ethnicities, with a distinct culture and a defined boundary.
white supremacy
the belief that the white “race” is superior to all others, particularly in culture and intelligence
-preventing cross-racial marriages, enforcing social segregation, and even expelling non-white populations
-The predominant white narrative of the LGBTQ+ community homogenizes everyone’s experiences and devalues the unique experiences of people of colour
-children of colour suffer negative self-identification, discrimination, stereotyping, and labelling that lead to academic shortcomings and feelings of hopelessness
visible minority
used in the past to refer to people “other than Indigenous persons, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour”
-not as used
-whiteness is not visible or is the “norm” to which other groups are compared. Second, it may promote stigmatization of certain (non-white) groups.
racialized minority
Those who are treated in a particular way because of their physical features and the qualities those features are assumed to represent. Racialization is directed towards those who have features distinct from the majority group that holds social power in a society.
Functionalism of race
Ethnic identity provides social connectedness in an individualistic society.
Ethnocultural conflict enforces boundaries, which give groups more cohesion and a stronger sense of identity.
Ethnocultural diversity provides a wide range of opinions and values that enrich society.
Conflict theory of race
Dominant groups benefit from excluding and marginalizing minority groups.
CRT examines the causes and effects of racialization practices.
Symbolic interactionism of race
Ethnic differentiation is constructed by labelling.
Code-switching eases moving between social groups with different norms and values.
Feminism of race
Focuses on how racialized groups are seen as the “other” to highlight socially constructed differences.
Examines the intersectionality of racialization with gender, class, and sexual orientation.
stereotypes.
Widely held beliefs about a social group that are simplistic and often false. Stereotypes can ascribe both positive and negative qualities to members of a group.
critical race theory (CRT)
A theory that views racialization as a performance and a social construction rather than a reflection of innate, biological qualities.
Ethnic solidarity
the sense of belonging experienced by members of an ethnic group and is often expressed through rituals, ritual objects, and symbols. Racialized and ethnic groups have languages, including colloquial expressions (slang), that convey a sense of belonging.
Institutional racism
Forms of discrimination that rely on formal institutional rules and common practices
Expressed racism
Discriminatory practices based on fears or prejudices projected onto particular racialized minorities
Internalized racism
Discriminatory practices based on fears or prejudices projected onto particular racialized minorities
Prejudice
A negative or hostile attitude towards members of a particular group simply because they belong to that group, based on untested assumptions about their characteristics
Discrimination
The denial of access based on a particular trait to opportunities that would otherwise be available to equally qualified people who are part of the dominant group
