gender Flashcards
sex
refer to the physical differences between males and females,
-determined by biological factors, reproductive organs, hormone levels, and body shape.
gender
a broader term that refers to the societal and cultural norms associated with being male or female.
-a product of social and cultural forces.
-a social construct that encompasses a wide range of attitudes, behaviours, and expectations that are associated with masculinity and femininity. This includes such things as dress, mannerisms, and traditional gender roles. Gender norms are often deeply ingrained in society and can be difficult to challenge or change.
binary
Anything separated into two distinct and clear-cut categories.
Hegemonic masculinity
A social construction of gender that in the North American context traditionally includes stereotypical behaviours and attitudes such as being strong, brave, and rational.
hegemonic femininity
A social construction of gender that in the North American context traditionally includes stereotypical behaviours and attitudes such as being emotional, caring, and nurturing.
Conflict theory togender inequality
Gender inequality results from struggle for economic, political, and social power.
Capitalism benefits from gender inequality.
Gender inequality leads women to support the workforce without pay.
Functionalism
Gender roles and the division of labour support an efficient society.
Women are well positioned to take care of children and the home, while men work to provide for the family.
Gender inequality stems from what was at one time an effective household arrangement, which has failed to develop with the times.
Symbolic interactionalism
Socialization and labelling shape gender identities.
Most variations between men and women are cultural and learned.
Media depictions and language help maintain gender differences.
Feminist theory
Elements and inequalities in society intersect. Gender differences reflect variations in performativity. Inequality is a result of patriarchal values, also prevalent in social institutions.
women in workplace
Some women who work “full-time” do in fact work fewer hours per week, or fewer weeks per year than men who work “full-time.” This happens because they take more time off work to attend to family business (e.g., taking sick children to the doctor). These factors might account for a lower income.
may have less experience and seniority than men in the same occupation—perhaps because the women took maternity leave, losing time that would otherwise count towards experience
Geographic locale also plays a factor in determining women’s economic success
stem
deeper-rooted problems surrounding socialization
-women remain underrepresented in occupations in natural and applied sciences but overrepresented in occupations in elementary and secondary education and health care
rape culture
sexual violence is normalized, accepted, and even encouraged, makes it very difficult for many survivors to recognize their experiences of sexual violence as such.
rape myth
inaccurate beliefs about what “real” or “legitimate” sexual violence looks like, often influence how survivors, their communities, and the law enforcement officers they seek help from understand sexual violence
Victimization of Indigenous Women
Indigenous women are five to eight times more likely to be murdered or experience a violent death in Canada than non-Indigenous women
-overrepresented as victims of violence, including IPV
