Social Mosaic NA Cities Lec #5

Question 1

How does employment by sector change over the 20th century in Canada?

Answer 1

-mining:stays relatively the same
-agriculture: beginning very dominant and then decline
secondary: first an inc then slight decline
Tiertiary sector: steady and quick increase

Question 2

What type of jobs make up the upper vs lower rank cities in 2021?

Answer 2

upper rank- industrial and service and oil
lower: agricultural and recources

Question 3

What are the three classic models of North American cities?

Answer 3

1. concentric zone model
2. sectoral model
3. multiple nuclei model

Question 4

What is the concentric zone model?

Answer 4

Created by Burgess, based on observations about Chicago
- cities are organized in concentric rings
1) central business district
2) Transition zone
3) Residental zone
4)”Better” Residental zone
5) commuter zone
Main insight: links urban patterns and social processes and urban change starts in the centre and moves outwards (located along transit lines)
Model of immigrant assimilation into American Cities`

Question 5

What are the features of each concentric zone?

Answer 5

1) has all the businesses, hotels, department stores, gov buildings (F.I.R.E.)
2) contains warehouses, truck and rail depots, support service for CBD
- initially was high income families but they started moving furthe rout and immigrants moved intp zone 2 to be close to jobs
3) residental areas for industrial workers who moved out of zone 2
4) single family homes, 3rd gen immigrants
5) purely residental, suburbs, for higher income families

Question 6

Sectoral model

Answer 6

created by Hoyt, compared various US cities
There are sectors (pie wedges) centred around the central business district in a specific pattern based on transportation
Sectors such as:
transportation, middle income, high income, industrial, and low income

Question 7

What are some pattern in the sectoral model?

Answer 7

• Transportation is always next to industrial sector (for job access) and low income also always next to transportation.
• High income always far from industry and transportation
• middle income between low and high income areas
• Value of land INCREASES the further OUT you go (high income migration outwards)
• also affected by natural amenities (like living by the water, on a ridge, down wind, etc)

Question 8

Multiple Nuclei Model

Answer 8

By Harris and Ullman
Idea: Patterns come from layers of historical development rather than a single process
- no entirely new urban processes
changing transportation will shift nuclei/ patterns
changing economy als will cause shifts
ethnic and racial groups tend to form clusters in specific areas

Question 9

What causes the multiple nuclei to appear?

Answer 9

the intial nucleus of a city may be a retail district in a centralplace city
- other nuclei then pop up due to need for specialized facilities, detrimental combo of activities, some activities group together for finanical reasons

Question 10

How does the burgess model differ from the sectoral model?

Answer 10

Burgess model doesn’t discuss industry, Hoyt’s sectoral model analyzes land use more

Sectoral model is impacted by natural amenities, concentric zones don’t

Question 11

How does the burgess model differ from the multiple nuclei model?

Answer 11

Burgess sees ethnic clusters as transient whereas multiple nuclei explains why ethnic and racial groups settle in clusters