Social Impacts of Transportation Lec #7 Flashcards
Conventional vs sustainable approach in urban transportation
Conventional: physical dimensions, mobility, street as road, speeding up traffic, economic evaluation, motorized transport
Sustainable: social dimensions, accessibility, street as space, slowing down traffic, multi-criteria evaluation, non-motorized transport
What is social exclusion?
“the lack or denial of resources, rights, goods, and service, and the inability to participate in the normal relationships and activities in a society.”
What does transport-related exclusion deal with?
age, disability, gender, lack of services, inadequate, inaccessible,
What is the difference between transport exclusion and transport disadvantage?`
transport disadvantage and social disadvantage create transport poverty
transport exclusion is more systemic than individual
What is transport disadvantage?
Someone has difficulty accessing transport due to limited options, high costs, geographic isolation or personal limits
- a diffuclty someone faces,
What is the purpose of a street?
much more than just a way to get from place to place, a diversity of roles with social and political impacts.
What is the role of the car in urban transportation?
antisocial, enemy of social solidarity, isolates people and puts them in competition with other road users
“social trap”
cars only move 5% of the time!!
How does car traffic affect social interactions in a city?
In a study, three streets (heavy, moderate, and low traffic conditions) were measured for social connections. There were more social ties and interactions in light traffic street vs moderate and heavy .
- on heavy traffic streets, there are even less social connections on the same side of the street.
What is the difference between a movement and a place street?
A movement street is centred around movement corridors, like most local streets
A place street is more of a recreational, hanging area
What is a vibrant street?
a mix of movement and place streets
Accessibility
the ease of reaching desired destinations
ex. manhattan is accessible, slow speeds and high number of destinations
What is population-based accessibility?
% of pop within 5min walk to bus stop
What is location-based accessibility?
of jobs available within 30 min drive
mobility?
the ease of travelling through a transport network
- often measured by vehicles per hour or average time lost in gridlock
ex) Manitoba is very mobile (fast speeds, few destinations)
What are the consequences of highway construction?
- low income communties and communities of colour have, and continue, to be disporportionately harmed by our approach to transportation in the US.
- leads to air pollution, noise pollution, and traffic danger
WHo is Robert Moses?
Powerful urban planner in NY
He built:
- 13 bridges, miles of parkways, 658 playgrounds, and 150 00 housing units
He was head of NYC parks, State parks council, etc
Who is Jane Jacobs?
Wrote The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Against Moses’s highways
The idea of sidewalk ballet –> everyone has their part
and “eyes on the street” so everyone is looking over each other
What did the east-west expressway do in montreal?
The expressway displaced Black communities in montreal –> Buttigeig wanted to try and fix this inequality
What is transport-related social exclusion?
The process by which people are prevented from economic, political, and social life due to reduced accessibility to oppurtunities, services, and social networks that are lacking sufficent mobility
- can be space/location based (not enough stops, limited hours, etc) or individual (age, disability, etc
What are the types of transport-related social exclusion exclusion?
physical- physical barriers in transport services
geographical- where a person lives prevents them accessing transit
exclusion from facilities- distance from shops, healthcare, school, leisure,
economic- high travel costs
time-based-household work, childcare duties, etc.
fear-based- fears of personal safety prevenyt transport
space- gated communities prevent certain groups access
What is transport poverty?
When people can’t afford or access transportation they need to get to work or other essential services
equity vs equality
Equality is when everyone gets treated the same and equity is when people are treated differently to have equal access and oppurtunity
What is transportation equity?
focused on people, intersectional, processes and outcome, linked to systems of powe
What is transportation justice?
a fair distribution of transportation resources across communities and space
- inclusive decision making
recognition of prevailing injustices that shape diff levels of need
intersectional
