Social Learning

Question 1

watching and imitating others, do this through modeling behaviors, process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Answer 1

observational learning

Question 2

activated when we are imitating people and observing them, “see monkey do” when a monkey grasps something, neurons are firing when you watch and do the behavior

Answer 2

mirror neurons

Question 3

trained monkeys to prefer pink or blue colored corn, one taste bad and trained them to prefer one over the other, baby monkeys learned from adults and would prefer the ones that adults liked

Answer 3

Erica van de Waal

Question 4

belonging/fitting into a group, two conditions appear to be critical for group formation (reciprocity and transivity)

Answer 4

ingroup membership

Question 5

anyone outside of the group that does not “fit in”
- ingroups think about this group
-homogeneity effect, attributions, stereotypes

Answer 5

outgroup membership

Question 6

tendency to view outgroup members as less diverse and varied than ingroup members

Answer 6

outgroup homogeneity effect

Question 7

Fritz Heider sough to explain others behaviors, stated we can attribute the behaviors to the persons stable, enduring traits (disposition attribution) or we can attribute it to the situation (situational attribution)

Answer 7

Social Thinking Attribution Theory

Question 8

overestimate dispositional (personal) attribution and underestimate situational attribution

Ex: if someone shows up to class late we think, “oh they are lazy, they do not want to be here, they are not smart”, we are overestimating the situation, there could be underlying reasons why someone shows up late

Answer 8

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

Question 9

overestimated situational attribution to explain oneself s while overestimating dispositional traits to explain other peoples behavior
* If I showed up late you are the over estimator, “oh I GOT stuck in traffic”

Answer 9

Actor/Observer Discrepancy (AOE)

Question 10

‣ Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
‣ We adopt new roles throughout our lives and can be convinced to “role play” based on our social surroundings

Answer 10

Attitude and Actions

Question 11

◦ Peripheral Route
‣ The “less important” cues and factors
‣ Ex: attractiveness

Answer 11

Routes of Persuasion

Question 12

‣ Focusing on the arguments and thoughts
‣ Ex: supporting movements because of the facts

Answer 12

Central Route

Question 13

• If people agree to small requests, they become more likely to comply with a large and sometimes undesirable request

Answer 13

Foot-in-The-Door

Question 14

• People are more likely to agree to a small request after they have refused a large request

Answer 14

Door-in-The-Face

Question 15

• People who have already agreed to buy a product will often agree to pay the increased cost

Answer 15

Low Bailing

Question 16

Leon Festinger
to relive tension, we often bring our attitudes into line with out actions, we want to avoid discomfort
Dissonance->discomfort
Cognitions-> thoughts

Answer 16

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 17

‣ As we cycle through new roles in our life, we conform with the social scripts put forward by those groups
‣ adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

Answer 17

Conformity

Question 18

desire to gain approval and avoid disapproval
-smoking because your friends are

Answer 18

normative social influence

Question 19

willingness to accept others opinions about reality to be “correct”
- watching others at the dinner table to know which fork to use

Answer 19

informational social influence

Question 20

shows lines, you watch others responses to be “correct”,conforming and giving the incorrect answer when there was a very obvious right answer

Answer 20

Conformity Line Example

Question 21

• Brought in people to be assigned a learner or a teacher
  ◦ Everyone was actually going to be a teacher, the learner was an actor
  ◦ Would teach them words, and if they were incorrect they would be given a electrical shock
  ◦ With each error comes higher voltage
  ◦ Learner refuses to go on and you start to draw back as teacher
  ◦ Experimenter wanted you to continue, the teacher may try to resist
• Point was to test obedience and would a teacher put someone in harms way
  
  • Most male teachers obeyed the experimenter to keep going and some were obedient up to the highest point and would not go on

Answer 21

Stanley Milgram Experiment

Question 22

following orders, a form of social influence elicited in response to direct orders from an authority figure

Answer 22

obedience

Question 23

doing better on tasks when other people are around

Answer 23

social facilitation

Question 24

diminished effort when a common goal is trying to be attained by a group

Answer 24

social loafing

Question 25

lack of “self-awareness” in group situations highlighting anonymity and arousal

Answer 25

Deindividuation

Question 26

thoughts shared within a group become stronger and more accepting when the group thinks alike

Answer 26

group polarization

Question 27

peace and harmony is prioritized over realistic solutions

Answer 27

group think

Question 28

‣ Just world phenomenon: KARMA
‣ “Them (Outgroup)” versus “Us (Ingroup)”
‣ Negative Emotions
‣ Discriminate (treating people inappropriately or differently)
‣ Stereotypes (unconscious awareness) (help us streamline first impressions) (cognitive schemas)

Answer 28

Prejudice

Question 29

‣ Physical or verbal behavior to harm someone
‣ Biological: genetics, neural and biochemical
- Psychological: reinforcement and modeling behaviors
‣ Social-Cultural: aversive life events, media outlets

Answer 29

Aggression

Question 30

‣ We have an innate need for love
‣ But what makes us attracted to someone and not another?
* Proximity: people very far away from you or are they close
* Exposure: how often are we exposed to people
* Similarity: opposites attract? Are we similar?

Answer 30

Love and Attraction

Question 31

unselfishly caring for the well being of others

Answer 31

altruism

Question 32

explains that social behavior is transactional (max benefit,minimum effort)
- Reciprocity norm

Answer 32

social exchange theory

Question 33

“people i have helped will help me when I need it”

Answer 33

reciprocity norm

Question 34

we are less likely to help someone if other people are around (“someone else will help them”)

Answer 34

bystander effect