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Psych Disorders and Treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

Collection of symptoms (syndrome) that are marked as a clinically
significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion
regulation, or behavior (APA, 2013)
* Atypical, unusual, or infrequent * Socially unacceptable/deviant * Maladaptive * Personal distress * Self defeating and/or dangerous

A

Psychological Disorder

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2
Q

sickness or disorder of the mind; psychological
disorder

A

Psychopathology

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3
Q

factors or causes that contribute to the development of a disorder

A

Etiology

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4
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
* Categorical information: Name of disorder
* Dimensional information: severity rating
* Additional information: general medical condition, symptoms, psychosocial factors

A

DSM-5

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5
Q

what is the main purpose of the DSM

A

Description: grouping disorders based on similarity in symptoms

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6
Q

what is another purpose of the DSM

A

allow providers to bill health insurance companies for treatment

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7
Q

takes a catagorical approach, it has a strict cut
either you have an issue or you do not
cannot register severity of disorder
you only fit into one category, fails to see that some disorders tie together

A

problems with the DSM

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8
Q

another issue with the DSM, many psych disorders occur together but the DSM treats them as separate things

A

Comorbidity

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9
Q

high p scores= suicide attempts, hospitalization, criminal behaviors and predict a worsening of impairments over time

A

Comorbidity p scores

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10
Q

a diagnostic model that proposses that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

A

Diatheis-stress model

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11
Q

focuses on how physiological factors contribute to the psych disorder
genetics: can affect the production and levels of neurotransmittors and their receptor sites, effect the size of brain structures
some disorders may arise from prenatal problems
and during childhood

A

Biological Factors

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12
Q

how may biological factors contribute to mental disorders

A

effects on the CNS

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13
Q

play an important role in the expression and
treatment of mental disorders.

A

situational factors

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14
Q

a diagnostic model that considers problems
within an individual as indicating problems within the family

A

family systems model

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15
Q

a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as
the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures

A

sociocultural model

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16
Q

a diagnostic model that views
psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive
thoughts and beliefs
* approach: behavior is learned and thus can be unlearned
- classical and operant conditioning

A

cognitive behavioral factors

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17
Q

characterized by negative emotions (e.g.,
major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder) more common in women

A

internalizing disorders

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18
Q

characterized by negative emotions (e.g.,
major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder)

A

internalizing disorders

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19
Q

characterized by disinhibition (e.g.,
alcoholism, conduct disorders, antisocial behavior

A

externalizing disorders

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20
Q

characterized by disinhibition (e.g.,
alcoholism, conduct disorders, antisocial behavior) more common in ment

A

externalizing disorders

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21
Q
  • Dependence on alcohol is much more likely in males,
    whereas anorexia nervosa is much more likely in females.
  • One explanation for gender differences in the presentation of
    disorders is that psychopathology can take different forms
    depending on cultural norms and expectations. * Some disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are
    equally likely in the sexes, whereas other disorders vary
    between the sexes.
A

psych disorders vary by sex and culture

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22
Q

Most mental disorders show both universal and culture-specific
symptoms.
* Disorders with a strong biological component will tend to be more similar across cultures.
* A disorder heavily influenced by learning, context, or both is more likely to differ across cultures.

A

cultural syndromes

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23
Q

psych disorder characterized by excessive fear in the absence of true danger
-GAD, panic, specific phobias, social, agoraphobia

A

anxiety

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24
Q

how does anxiety happen

A

continuous arousal of the autonomic nervous system
the sypmathetic NS is overactive
this can lead to more health issues

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25
Q

fear of something that is disproportionate to the threat, specifc fear of something

A

phobia

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26
Q

fear of being negatively evaulated by others in social setting

A

social anxiety

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27
Q

nearly constant anxiety not associated with a specific thing

A

general anxiety

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28
Q

sudden attacks of overwhelming terror

A

panic disorder

29
Q

fear of being in a situation from which one cannot escape

A

aporaphobia

30
Q

disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities
tens to persist over several months and years, extreme

A

major depression

31
Q

a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, sometimes called dysthymia
must have a depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years, lasts from 2-20 years

A

persistent depressive disorder

32
Q

two headed beast
a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania

Mania: an elevated mood that can vary in degree and is accompanied by major shifts in energy level and physical activity
* Manic episodes: characterized by elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, extreme distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable but foolish activities;
last at least one week

A

Biploar

33
Q

a disorder characterized by
extremely elevated moods
during manic episodes and,
frequently, depressive episodes
as well
* The manic episodes in bipolar l
disorder cause significant
impairment in daily living and can
often result in hospitalization
- WORSE

A

BPD 1

34
Q

a disorder characterized by
alternating periods of extremely
depressed and mildly elevated
moods
* Less extreme mood elevations are
called hypomania.
* Although these less extreme
positive moods may be somewhat
disruptive to a person’s life, they
do not cause significant
impairment in daily living or
require hospitalization.

A

BPD 2

35
Q

a psychological disorder characterized by alterations in
thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness, resulting in
psychosis
* The term schizophrenia literally means “splitting of
the mind.” * The essence of schizophrenia is a disconnection from reality, known as psychosis.

A

Schizophrenia

36
Q

excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior

A

positive symptoms

37
Q

deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, slowed speech and movement, flat effect, extreme isolation, clinical depression, feeling no pleasure
more resistant to medications

A

Negative symptoms

38
Q

schizophrenia can be caused by what

A

decrease of cerebral fluid in brain

39
Q

a disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive action, not classified under anxiety

A

OCD

40
Q

recurrent, unwanted and repetitive thoughts or ideas or mental images that increase anxiety

A

Obsessive

41
Q

responses to those obsessive thoughts

A

compulsion

42
Q

a disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma, results from trauma or excessive stess

A

PTSD

43
Q

what is under PTSD

A

DID (dissociative identity disorder)

44
Q

the occurrence of two or more
distinct identities in the same individual, along with memory gaps in
which the person does not recall everyday events

A

Dissociative identity disorder

45
Q

a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control

A

borderline personality disorder

46
Q

a personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy

A

Antisocial personality disorder

47
Q

Maintaining a starvation diet despite
negative health outcomes

A

anorexia

48
Q

Binge-eating followed by inappropriate
weight-loss (throwing up)

A

bulimia nervosa

49
Q

Bouts of overeating followed by
remorse, regret, and guilt

A

binge eating

50
Q

the generic name given to formal psychological treatment
* The particular techniques used may depend on the practitioner’s training, but all forms of psychotherapy involve interactions between practitioner and client.

A

psychotherapy

51
Q

treatment of psychological disorders based on medical
approaches to disease (what is wrong with the body) and to illness (what a person feels as a result)

A

biological therapies(medical model)

52
Q
  • Form of therapy based on Freud—without accepting all of it…
  • Aim is to help client examine needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding distress
  • focus on social environment: childhood, therapist client relations
    -unconscious mind plays a role in mental illness
    -clients social environment and their unconscious
A

Psychodynamic Therapy

53
Q

treatment based on the premise that behavior is
learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning
-behavior can be learned and unlearned
-more what happens during the therapy (social skills training)

A

Behavioral Therapy

54
Q

a behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus or
situation

A

exposure behavior therapy

55
Q

pairs the trigger stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with fear
- pairing the trigger with something that makes a new response of no fear, so smiling and laughing to what made you scared of before

A

conterconditioning behavioral therapy

56
Q

treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions;
treatment strategies attempt to modify
these thought patterns
* Interpersonal therapy * Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

A

Cognitive Therapy

57
Q

constructing the mind to view it in a different and healthier way

A

mindfullness based cognitive therapy

58
Q

A therapy that incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors
* Integrative therapy trains people to alter the way they thing but also the way they act.
* Seeks to make people aware of their irrational negative thinking to replace it with new ways of thinking
* Trains people to practice this new way of thinking

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

59
Q
  • The goal of humanistic therapy is to treat
    the person as a whole, not as a collection
    of behaviors or a repository of repressed
    thoughts.
    non judge mental
    unconditional positive regard
A

client centered therapy

60
Q

drugs that affect mental processes
(anti anxiety, antidepressants, antipsychotics)

A

psychotropic medications

61
Q

a class of psychotropic medications used for the
treatment ; commonly called tranquilizers
* One class of anti-anxiety drugs is the benzodiazepines.
* increase the activity of GABA
* induce drowsiness
* highly addictive
Resistance: mental block stopping the disorder

A

anti anxiety

62
Q

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment
* SSRIs can lead to sexual dysfunction.
* They are often used for other disorders, particularly anxiety disorders.
* monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
* tricyclics antidepressants

A

antidepressants

63
Q

a class of medications used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis; also known as neuroleptics
* One side effect is tardive dyskinesia.
* the involuntary twitching of muscles, especially in the neck and face

A

antipsychotics

64
Q

a procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient’s brain to produce a seizure; it is
effective for severe depression

A

eletroconclusive therapy (ECT)

65
Q

a powerful electrical current produces a magnetic
field that is about 40,000 times Earth’s magnetic
field.

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

66
Q

electrodes are surgically implanted deep within the brain; mild electricity is then used to stimulate the brain at an
optimal frequency and intensity
used for OCD and parkinsons

A

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

67
Q

what is a central issue with treating psych disorders

A

not enough trained people available for one on one psychotherapy to all who need it

68
Q

tend to manipluate the therapist around and do not actually understand there is something wrong with them

A

APD

Psychology (7 decks)

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