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MCAT Psych / Soc > Social Interaction > Flashcards

Social Interaction Flashcards

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1
Q

a position in society used to classify individuals

A

status

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2
Q

status:

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on

A

ascribed status

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3
Q

status:

voluntarily earned by an individual

A

achieved status

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4
Q

status:

the status by which an individual is primarily identified

A

master status

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5
Q

a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation

A

role

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6
Q

role:

refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role

A

role performance

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7
Q

role:

a person with whom one is interacting who helps define the roles within the relationship

A

role partner

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8
Q

role:

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

A

role set

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9
Q

role:

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

A

role conflict

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10
Q

role:

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously

A

role strain

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11
Q

made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity

A

groups

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12
Q

group:

a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages, or statuses

A

peer group

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13
Q

group:

the group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married

A

family group

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14
Q

group:

a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member

A

in-group

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15
Q

group:

a social group with which an individual does not identify

A

out-group

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16
Q

group:

occurs when an out-group competes with or opposes an in-group

A

group conflict

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17
Q

group:

a group to which an individual compares him- or herself

A

reference group

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18
Q

group:

groups that contain strong, emotional bonds

A

primary groups

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19
Q

group:

groups that are often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall

A

secondary groups

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20
Q

group:

a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography

A

gemeinschaft (community)

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21
Q

group:

a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal

A

gesselschaft (society)

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22
Q

group:

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views without critical evaluation

A

groupthink

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23
Q

an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

A

network

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24
Q

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals

A

organization

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25
Q

model of emotional expression:

states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures

A

basic model

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26
Q

model of emotional expression:

states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions

A

social construction model

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27
Q

unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion

A

display rules

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28
Q

a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography

A

cultural syndrome

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29
Q

refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies

A

impression management

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30
Q

strategy of impression management:

sharing factual information

A

self-disclosure

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31
Q

strategy of impression management:

refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image

A

managing appearances

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32
Q

strategy of impression management:

using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

A

ingratiation

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33
Q

strategy of impression management:

the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior

A

aligning actions

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34
Q

strategy of impression management:

imposing an identity onto another person

A

alter-casting

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35
Q

says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience

A

dramaturgical approach

36
Q

dramaturgical approach:

where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image

A

front stage

37
Q

dramaturgical approach:

where the individual is not in front of the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image

A

back stage

38
Q

the ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior

A

communication

39
Q

communication:

the conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words

A

verval communication

40
Q

communication:
the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures

A

nonverbal communication

41
Q

communication:
takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well; animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalization to communicate

A

animal communication

42
Q

Social statuses

A

percieved positions in society that are used to classify individuals

43
Q

Ascribed status

A

given involuntariy (usually at birth)

race, ethnicity, sex, family background

44
Q

Achieved status

A

gained as a result of one’s efforts and choices

45
Q

Master status

A

status by which a person is most identified; is pervasive in that person’s life

46
Q

roles

A

beliefs, values, etc, that define the expectations for those who hold the status

47
Q

Role performance

A

carrying out behaviors associated with the given role

48
Q

Role partner

A

the person with whom one is interacting. Behaviors and expectations of the role can be different based on the role partner.

49
Q

Role set

A

the various roles associated with the status

50
Q

Role conflict

A

difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role

51
Q

Role exit

A

dropping of one identity for another

52
Q

In-group

A

social group with which a person experiences a set of belonging or identifies as a member

53
Q

out-group

A

a social group with which individuals does not identify

54
Q

group conflict

A

negative feelings towards an out-group or favoritism for the in-group

55
Q

peer group

A

self-selected equals in the group

56
Q

family group

A

not self-selected, but determined by birth, adoption, and marriage

57
Q

reference group

A

groups of individuals that are used as a standard for evaluating oneself

58
Q

Primary group

A

direct interactions with close and warm relationships

59
Q

Secondary group

A

impersonal and business-like interactions with the goal of accomplishing a specific purpose

60
Q

Tonnies’ Community and Society

A

community– groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared things

society– less personal and formed out of mutality working towards the same goal

61
Q

Interaction process analysis

A

way to observe, classify, and measure the interactions within small groups

62
Q

System for multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)

A
  1. dominance vs submission
  2. friendliness vs unfriendliness
  3. intrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive
63
Q

networks

A

observable patterns and mapping of social relationships among individuals or groups

analysis can be used to gain understanding of groups and social structure

64
Q

work redundancy

A

overlapping connection with the same individual

65
Q

immediate vs distant networks

A

dense and strong vs loose and weak

66
Q

organizations

A

groups set to achieve specific goals and have a struture and culture

67
Q

formal organization

A

enforcment procedures and more control with hierarchal allotment to maximize efficiency

68
Q

characteristic institution

A

basic organization of society, bureaucracy

69
Q

Bureaucracy

A

rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control

70
Q

Iron law of oligarchy

A

democratic or bureaucratic systems naturall shift to being ruled by an elite group. Thus, it will eventually centralize and place power in the hands of a few

71
Q

McDonaldization

A

a shift in focus towards efficiency, predictability, calculatibility, and control in societal practices.

72
Q

Self-presentation

A

displaying ourselves to society visually and through our actions to make sure we are seen in the best light

73
Q

Darwin’s basic model of emotional expression

A

basic components to facial expression that are universally recognized

74
Q

Appraisal model

A

there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but there is a cognitive antecedent to the expression

75
Q

Three primary models of emotion

A
  1. James-lange: physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion
  2. Cannon-Bard: ower part of the brain, also called the thalamus, controls your experience of emotion
  3. Schachter-Singer: emotion is formed from physiological arousal and a cognitive label

lunges– body, bard– brain, singer– arouses me

76
Q

Social construction model

A

no biological basis for emotion, but rather experiences and the situational context alone. Social norms for emotions to perform the corresponding emotional behaviors given the social situation

77
Q

Display rules

A

cultural expectations of emotion

78
Q

Cultural syndrome

A

shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of a culture that are organized around a central theme

79
Q

Impression Management

A

our attempts to influence how others percieve us

80
Q

The authentic self

impression

A

who the person actually is

81
Q

The ideal self

impression

A

who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

82
Q

The tactical self

impression

A

who we market ourselves to be when adhering to others’ expectations of us

83
Q

Impression management strategies

A
  1. Self-disclosure
  2. managing appearance
  3. aligning actions: making questioning behavior acceptable through excuses
  4. integratiation: flattery to win someone over
  5. alter-casting: imposing an identity onto another person
84
Q

front-stage self

A

persona presented to an audience; adapted depending on social situation

85
Q

back-stage self

A

persona when not in a social situation and no concern of upholding a performance of a desired public image

86
Q

Mead’s Me and I

A

Me: developed throguh interaction with society from considering a peron’s established perceptions of society’s expectations

I: the individual’s own impulses

Me shapes I

MCAT Psych / Soc (5 decks)

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