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Social Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

a position in society used to classify individuals

A

status

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2
Q

status:

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on

A

ascribed status

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3
Q

status:

voluntarily earned by an individual

A

achieved status

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4
Q

status:

the status by which an individual is primarily identified

A

master status

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5
Q

a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation

A

role

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6
Q

role:

refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role

A

role performance

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7
Q

role:

a person with whom one is interacting who helps define the roles within the relationship

A

role partner

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8
Q

role:

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

A

role set

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9
Q

role:

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

A

role conflict

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10
Q

role:

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously

A

role strain

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11
Q

made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity

A

groups

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12
Q

group:

a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages, or statuses

A

peer group

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13
Q

group:

the group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married

A

family group

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14
Q

group:

a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member

A

in-group

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15
Q

group:

a social group with which an individual does not identify

A

out-group

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16
Q

group:

occurs when an out-group competes with or opposes an in-group

A

group conflict

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17
Q

group:

a group to which an individual compares him- or herself

A

reference group

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18
Q

group:

groups that contain strong, emotional bonds

A

primary groups

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19
Q

group:

groups that are often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall

A

secondary groups

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20
Q

group:

a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography

A

gemeinschaft (community)

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21
Q

group:

a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal

A

gesselschaft (society)

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22
Q

group:

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views without critical evaluation

A

groupthink

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23
Q

an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

A

network

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24
Q

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals

A

organization

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25
model of emotional expression: | states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
basic model
26
model of emotional expression: | states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
social construction model
27
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
display rules
28
a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography
cultural syndrome
29
refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies
impression management
30
strategy of impression management: | sharing factual information
self-disclosure
31
strategy of impression management: | refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image
managing appearances
32
strategy of impression management: | using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
ingratiation
33
strategy of impression management: | the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
aligning actions
34
strategy of impression management: | imposing an identity onto another person
alter-casting
35
says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
dramaturgical approach
36
dramaturgical approach: | where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image
front stage
37
dramaturgical approach: | where the individual is not in front of the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
back stage
38
the ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior
communication
39
communication: | the conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words
verval communication
40
communication: the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures
nonverbal communication
41
communication: takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well; animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalization to communicate
animal communication
42
Social statuses
percieved positions in society that are used to classify individuals
43
Ascribed status
given involuntariy (usually at birth) race, ethnicity, sex, family background
44
Achieved status
gained as a result of one's efforts and choices
45
Master status
status by which a person is most identified; is pervasive in that person's life
46
roles
beliefs, values, etc, that define the expectations for those who hold the status
47
Role performance
carrying out behaviors associated with the given role
48
Role partner
the person with whom one is interacting. Behaviors and expectations of the role can be different based on the role partner.
49
Role set
the various roles associated with the status
50
Role conflict
difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role
51
Role exit
dropping of one identity for another
52
In-group
social group with which a person experiences a set of belonging or identifies as a member
53
out-group
a social group with which individuals does not identify
54
group conflict
negative feelings towards an out-group or favoritism for the in-group
55
peer group
self-selected equals in the group
56
family group
not self-selected, but determined by birth, adoption, and marriage
57
reference group
groups of individuals that are used as a standard for evaluating oneself
58
Primary group
direct interactions with close and warm relationships
59
Secondary group
impersonal and business-like interactions with the goal of accomplishing a specific purpose
60
Tonnies' Community and Society
community-- groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared things society-- less personal and formed out of mutality working towards the same goal
61
Interaction process analysis
way to observe, classify, and measure the interactions within small groups
62
System for multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)
1. dominance vs submission 2. friendliness vs unfriendliness 3. intrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive
63
networks
observable patterns and mapping of social relationships among individuals or groups analysis can be used to gain understanding of groups and social structure
64
work redundancy
overlapping connection with the same individual
65
immediate vs distant networks
dense and strong vs loose and weak
66
organizations
groups set to achieve specific goals and have a struture and culture
67
formal organization
enforcment procedures and more control with hierarchal allotment to maximize efficiency
68
characteristic institution
basic organization of society, bureaucracy
69
Bureaucracy
rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control
70
Iron law of oligarchy
democratic or bureaucratic systems naturall shift to being ruled by an elite group. Thus, it will eventually centralize and place power in the hands of a few
71
McDonaldization
a shift in focus towards efficiency, predictability, calculatibility, and control in societal practices.
72
Self-presentation
displaying ourselves to society visually and through our actions to make sure we are seen in the best light
73
Darwin's basic model of emotional expression
basic components to facial expression that are universally recognized
74
Appraisal model
there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but there is a cognitive antecedent to the expression
75
Three primary models of emotion
1. James-lange: physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion 2. Cannon-Bard: ower part of the brain, also called the thalamus, controls your experience of emotion 3. Schachter-Singer: emotion is formed from physiological arousal and a cognitive label | lunges-- body, bard-- brain, singer-- arouses me
76
Social construction model
no biological basis for emotion, but rather experiences and the situational context alone. Social norms for emotions to perform the corresponding emotional behaviors given the social situation
77
Display rules
cultural expectations of emotion
78
Cultural syndrome
shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of a culture that are organized around a central theme
79
Impression Management
our attempts to influence how others percieve us
80
The authentic self | impression
who the person actually is
81
The ideal self | impression
who we would like to be under optimal circumstances
82
The tactical self | impression
who we market ourselves to be when adhering to others' expectations of us
83
Impression management strategies
1. Self-disclosure 2. managing appearance 3. aligning actions: making questioning behavior acceptable through excuses 4. integratiation: flattery to win someone over 5. alter-casting: imposing an identity onto another person
84
front-stage self
persona presented to an audience; adapted depending on social situation
85
back-stage self
persona when not in a social situation and no concern of upholding a performance of a desired public image
86
Mead's Me and I
Me: developed throguh interaction with society from considering a peron's established perceptions of society's expectations I: the individual's own impulses Me shapes I

MCAT Psych / Soc (5 decks)

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