Social Influences On Gender Flashcards
Conditioning
Either positively or negatively reinforced
+ praising
- punishing
Slt
Learn gender appropriate behaviour through operant conditioning
Observed a salient person
Recognise the behaviour is correct to their gender
Internalise the behaviour and imitate
Sct
Combines SLT, cognitive and schema theories
Cognitive development first
- dresses gender appropriately
- bedroom
Then social
- observation and imitation
Then schemas
- form concerning gender roles
- rehearsal of behaviour to decide whether to do or not
Primary motivation is to make themselves feel good
4 factors that influence behaviour
Previous experience
Past success
success now
Cognitive/environment factors
Busses and Bandura
Really great? Or really awful?
3-4 year olds
Only associate positive feelings with gender appropriate toy
Narrow choice of response - could lead to stereotypical behaviour
Validity questioned
Baby x
Arbitrary names given to babies
Snow suits (can’t tell gender)
Adults played with boys more roughly - bouncing up and down
Girls - cuddly toys
Narrow choice of response - could lead to stereotypical behaviour
Validity questioned
Langlois and Downs
Observed reactions of patent and peers to play with cross sexed toys Mother = accepting Dad=openly disapprove Peers-negative and notice quickly Boys worse than girls
School
73% female teachers in primary schools
Female influence
Fewer females in male subjects (maths)
Schools develop and reinforce sex segregation and stereotypes
Evidence
Cross culturally gender equality is bias in textbooks
UK law stops this
Media
Children are exposed for hours daily to portrayals of gender behaviour
Durkin
7-12 year olds use the TV to adjust their understanding of gender roles
Lauer
Uses content analysis
Gender stereotypes are heavily displayed in UK TV
Further
Patents who exibit gender stereotyped behaviour do not have children who are
Not deterministic
Test card
Conditioning Slt 4 factors Sct Langlois and downs Bussey and Bandura Baby x Schools Evidence Media Durkin Lauer Further
