Culture Influences On Gender Flashcards
Cross cultural studies
Show men are all similar - aggressive, violent, competitive
If characteristics are universal they are likely to be bio based
Comparing cultures allows us to separate out nature from nurture
Ao2 on cross cultural studies
Allows research of a range of influences on gender which would not be possible in a lab
Lots of extraneous variables
Mead
Found huge differences in gender roles in diff cultures Arapesh - men and women similar -gentle Mundugnor -similar -agg Tschambuli -different
Mead ao2
Mead exaggerated
Argued against her own ideas
Arapesh are aggressive?
Ethnography
Interview people Listen to folklore Look through archives Often translation difficulties Have to speculate what data means -subjective Qualitative data is less favourable
Whiting and whiting
6 cultures
Participant observation
15 years it was continued
15 years later 500 families had been observed
Found that parents all wanted the same for their children
-to survive
-committed to fam
-be healthy
Found gender differences in cultures where they started work earlier (Kenya)
Participant observation
Problematic
The novelty should wear off and people would act normally
However the experimenter becomes an extraneous variable
Changes dynamic of the group
Medicine
Lakota tribe Winkte Choose 3rd gender when a child Do women crafts Look after children
Whitehead
Berdache
Native American groups
3rd gender
Man-woman
Bio male choose to take on woman work / social status
Succes due to small power differences between men and women
Buss
‘Process’
Universal mate preferences across 37 cultures 10,000 pps
Cultural influences no effect on gender
Universal preferences shows that gender is determined by biology
Deterministic
You’re cultural upbringing will determine your gender identity
Test card
Cross cultural studies Ao2 Mead Ao2 Ethnography Whiting and whiting Participant observation Medicine Whitehead Buss Deterministic Alt
