Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA Psychology AS > Social Influence (Unit 1) > Flashcards

Social Influence (Unit 1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Outline and explain ‘Compliance’ as a type of conformity

A
  • When individuals adjust their behaviour or opinion to a group publically
  • Weak, or temporary form of conformity
  • Dependent on the presence of the group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outline and explain ‘Identification’ as a type of conformity

A
  • Adjusting one’s beliefs to befriend a group which are desirable
  • Private AND public acceptance
  • Temporary and dependent on the presence of the group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline and explain ‘Internalisation’ as a type of conformity

A
  • Both public AND private adjustment

- Not dependent on the presence of the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the three types of conformity

A

Compliance
Identification
Internalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define ‘Normative Social Influence’

A
  • The desire to be accepted

- Relates the compliance type of conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define ‘Informational Social Influence’

A
  • The desire to be correct
  • One’s view changes to be in line with others, both publically and privately
  • Relates to the internalisation type of conformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

KEY STUDY: Asch (1951)

What was it?

A
  • 123 American Male Students
  • Participants were shown a line, and then 3 more lines, they had to deciefer which are the same
  • There were 7/9 confederates within each group, and one real participant, who would be sat second to last
  • A control group were tested individually
  • Critical Trials; where all confederates gave identical wrong answers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

KEY STUDY: Asch (1951)

What did he find?

A
  • Critical Trials; 32% conformity
  • 75% conformed at least once
  • 25% did not conform at all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were the reasons given in Asch’s conformity study for obviously giving the wrong answer?

A

Distortion of action; avoiding public ridicule
Distortion of perception; ppt. believed they were wrong
Distortion of judgment; had doubts about judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Perrin and Spencer recreated Asch’s conformity study 29 years later, what did they find?

A

(British Engineering, Maths and Chemisty students)

Only ONE conforming response within of 396 trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List some of the attributes of someone with a ‘conformist personality’

A
  • Interlectually less effective
  • Submissive
  • Feelings of inferiority
  • Less mature social relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a social role?

A

The part that individuals play as members of a social group, which meets the expectations of the situation. People learn to do this by watching others

e.g. son/daughter/student/customer/friend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

KEY STUDY: Zimbardo et al. (1973)

What was it?

A
  • 21 male university students who responded to a newspaper advertisement
  • Zimbardo created a mock prison in a university basement, ppts were randomly selected as prisoners or guards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

KEY STUDY: Zimbardo et al. (1973)

What did they find?

A
  • SITUATIONAL HYPOTHESIS; ppts were generally passive people
  • After 36 hours a prisoner was released due to an emotional fit, three more were released in the following days. A fifth prisoner developed a rash after denied parole
  • Experiment lasted 6 days, out of the planned 14
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evaluation of Zimbardo’s Prison Study

A

Cons:

  • Ethical Issues; brutality and psychological harm
  • Demand Characteristics; guards may have acted how they thought they were supposed to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outline Hoffling et al.’s Nurse Study

A
  • Nurses in a hospital were telephoned by a ‘Dr Smith’ and asked to administer 20mg of Astroten to a patient
  • 21/22 nurses followed his instructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define what an ‘autonomous state’ is

A

When individuals have control and act according to their own wishes and are responsible for their own actions

18
Q

Define what an ‘agentic state’ is

A

When individuals obey orders, and maybe do something unethical as someone else is responsible for the action

19
Q

KEY STUDY: Milgram (1963)

What was it?

A

(Cannot be bothered to explain entire study)

  • 40 American males aged 20-50 who responded to a newspaper advertisement
  • 15 to 450 volts, at 150 Mr Wallace protests
  • “the experiment requires you to continue”
20
Q

KEY STUDY: Milgram (1963)

What did he find?

A
  • 100% of ppts went up to 300 volts

- 65% of ppts went up to 450 volts

21
Q

Evaluation of Milgram’s Teacher/Learner Study

A

Pros:

  • Study created a template for further research
  • ‘Prods’ given by the researcher were the same for every ppt

Cons:
-Practical Applications; people still commit crimes whilst “just following orders”

22
Q

Outline some variations of Milgram’s Teacher/Learner Study

A

Experimenter giving orders over the phone (62.5% to 20.5%)

Teacher and Learner in the same room (62.5% to 40%)

Teacher having to force Learner’s hand onto electric plate (40% to 30%)

Conducted in a rundown office block (62.5% to 47.5%)

23
Q

Outline the procedure and findings of Blickman (1974)

A

Procedure:
-3 male experimenters dressed in either a public service uniform or as a civilian and asked people for money for a parking meter

Findings:
Civilian = 19% compliance
Milkman = 14%
Guard = 38%

24
Q

Describe what is meant by an ‘authoritarian personality’

A

Someone who hold rigid beliefs, intolerant to authority and hostile to those of lower class

25
Q

What is the F-Scale, and what did Zilmer et al. find out about it?

A

The F-Scale is a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, and assessing 9 personality dimensions

Zilmer et al. found that 16 Nazi war criminals scored highly on three of the dimensions, but not all nine

26
Q

Evaluation of the F-Scale

A

Pros:
-Altemeyer produced a less biased “Right-Wing Authoritarian scale”

Cons:
-Controversial results; some people, e.g. Zilmer’s Nazis, didn’t score as highly as predicted

27
Q

What are the two components of Resistance to Social Influence?

A
  1. Disobedience
  2. Non-Conformity, which can occur in two ways:
    - Independence (lack of movement toward/away from social expectations)
    - Anti-Conformity (consistent movement AWAY from social expectations)
28
Q

Outline a variation of Asch’s study and it’s affect on conformity

A

In one variation, a confederate disagrees with the rest of the group, and real ppts’ conformity dropped sharply because of this

29
Q

Describe what is meant by a ‘high internal locus of control’

A

The belief that one can influence the outcome of a situation through the choices and decisions you make

30
Q

Describe what is meant by a ‘high external locus of control’

A

The belief that everything happens because of luck or fate regardless of your actions

31
Q

Define ‘minority influence’

A

A type of influence which motivates individuals to reject majority norms

32
Q

Identify differences between Majority and Minority influence

A

Majority:

  • Resistant to change
  • Associated with compliance

Minority:
-Requires conversion, internalisation and informational social influence

33
Q

KEY STUDY: Moscovici et al. (1969)

What was it?

A

-128 ppts and 64 confederates, all female
-They had to look at 36 slides (all different shades of blue) and state the colour of the slide
-Split into groups of 6 (4 real, 2 confederate)
-There were 2 different conditions:
+Consistent: Confederates answer only “Green”
+Inconsistent: Confederates answer 24/36 as “Green”

34
Q

KEY STUDY: Moscovici et al. (1969)

What did they find?

A

Consistent:

  • ppts answered green for 8.2% of slides
  • 32% of ppts answered green at least once

Inconsistent:
-ppts answered green for 1.25% of slides

35
Q

KEY STUDY: Moscovici et al. (1969)

State two criticisms of the study

A
  1. Unethical; involves deceit

2. Population (In)validity, only females

36
Q

Briefly outline Nemeth’s (1986) flexibility study

A
  • Groups of 4 (3 ppts and 1 confederate)
  • Confederate needs to decide how much compensation to grant for a ski-lift accident
  • Conf plays the consistent minority
  • When the conf tries to compromise, the ppts also become more flexible with their responses
37
Q

Define ‘snowball effect’

A

When a minority view gains momentum and more people begin to adopt the view (internalisation)

38
Q

Define ‘social cryptoamnesia’

A

When minority views are adopted by the majority, and then the origin of the view is forgotten

39
Q

Define ‘Commitment’

A

Minorities can exert influence by showing dedication e.g. the willingness to make sacrifices

40
Q

Define ‘Consistency’

A

Where a person/group maintains the same stance over time

41
Q

Define ‘Flexibility’

A

Demonstrating the ability to be cooperative and reasonable

AQA Psychology AS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions