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AQA Psychology AS > Biopsychology (Unit 2) > Flashcards

Biopsychology (Unit 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Illustrate the diagram depicting divisions of the Nervous System

A

just bloody draw it cheers mate its good practice yknow how these things go

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2
Q

Name the two divisions of the Nervous System

A

Peripheral NS
and
Central NS

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3
Q

Name the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

A

Autonomic NS
and
Somatic NS

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4
Q

Name the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic NS
and
Parasympathetic NS

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5
Q

Name the two divisions of the Central Nervous System

A

Spinal Cord
and
Brain

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6
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A

The cerebellum is involved in controlling motor skills and balance. Also in coordinating the muscles

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7
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

A

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, thirst and hunger. Also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

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8
Q

What is the function of the Brain Stem?

A

The brain stem regulates automatic functions (e.g. breathing, swallowing, your heartbeat)

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9
Q

Describe and define the role of the Nucleus part of a neuron

A

Contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes

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10
Q

Describe and define the role of the Dendrites part of a neuron

A

They receive messages from other cells (neurons and sensory receptors) and are covered with synaptic receptor cells

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11
Q

Describe and define the role of the Axon part of a neuron

A

The main conductor within the neuron. Capable of conveying electrical signals over distances

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12
Q

Describe and define the role of the Cell Body/Soma part of a neuron

A

The biggest part, which contains the nucleus and is connected to the dendrites

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13
Q

Describe and define the role of the Terminal Buttons part of a neuron

A

Small knobs t the end of an axon that release neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Describe and define the role of the Action Potential part of a neuron

A
  • When chemicals contact with the surface of a neuron, the ion balance changes
  • When the imbalance becomes extreme, the effect runs through the cell membrane to the axon

-The Action Potential is this rapid moving of ions

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15
Q

Outline the function of a SENSORY NEURON

A
  • Sensory neurons tell the rest of the brain about the external and internal environment by processing information taken from the senses
  • Can be found in various places (e.g. ears, tongue, skin)
  • They convert information from sensory receptors into neural impulses, and then into sensations
  • Unipolar; only transmits from the body to the brain
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16
Q

Outline the function of a RELAY NEURON

A
  • Relay neurons carry messages from one part of the CNS to another
  • They connect motor and sensory neurons
  • Only exist in the brain and spinal chord
  • Multipolar; sends and receives messages from many sources
17
Q

Outline the function of a MOTOR NEURON

A
  • Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS which helps organ, gland and muscle function
  • They form synapses with muscles, and control their contractions
  • When stimulated, the motor neuron releases neurotransmitters which bind to the receptors on the muscle and trigger a response
  • Multipolar; capable of sending and receiving messages
18
Q

Define and describe a synapse/synaptic gap

A

The area between the axon of a neuron and the cell body of another

19
Q

Define ‘neurotransmitter’ and give some examples

A

Chemical messengers within the cerebrum

e.g. dopamine or serotonin

20
Q

List the key components of a synaptic transmission

A
  • Nerve Impulse
  • Presynaptic Neuron
  • Axon
  • Vesicles
  • Synaptic Gap-Neurotransmitters
  • Receptors
  • Postsynaptic Neuron
  • Dendrite
21
Q

Define ‘Excitatory’ and ‘Inhibitory’ neurotransmitters and give examples

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire (e.g. noradrenaline)

Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire (e.g. serotonin and GABA)

22
Q

Describe and define the role of the Pituitary gland as part of the endrocrine system

A

Controls other glands and makes the hormones that trigger growth

23
Q

Describe and define the role of the Thyroid as part of the endrocrine system

A

Produces hormones associated with calorie burning and heart rate

24
Q

Describe and define the role of the Parathyroid as part of the endrocrine system

A

Controls the amount of calcium in the body

25
Q

Describe and define the role of the Adrenal gland as part of the endrocrine system

A

Produces the hormones which control the sex drive and cortisol (the stress hormone)

26
Q

Describe and define the role of the Pancreas as part of the endrocrine system

A

Produces Insulin which helps control blood sugar levels

27
Q

Describe and define the role of the Ovary as part of the endrocrine system

A

Secretes Oestrogen, Testosterone and Progesterone

28
Q

Describe and define the role of the Testicles as part of the endrocrine system

A

Produces Testosterone and sperm

29
Q

Outline the process of the ‘fight or flight’ response

A 
Hypothalamus
          I
Synthetic Branch of Autonomic NS
          I
Adrenal Medulla
          I
Adrenaline/Noradrenaline

(Parasympathetic NS reverses this, returning heart rate and blood pressure to normal and speeding up digestion)

30
Q

Evaluation of the Fight or Flight response

A

Pros:
-Scientific and measures used are objective

Cons:

  • Tend and Befriend; females may be less aggressive
  • Acute stress may lead to cooperative and friendly behaviour
  • Reductionist; only biological explanation
31
Q

What is the function of the Peripheral NS?

A

Conducts transmissions to and from the CNS

32
Q

What is the function of the Somatic NS?

A
  • Transmits to and from the senses

- Transmits to and from the CNS

33
Q

What is the function of the Autonomic NS?

A

Transmits to and from organs to sustain life processes

34
Q

What is the function of the Central NS?

A

Controls all life functions and mental processes

35
Q

What is the function of the Sympathetic NS and the Parasympathetic NS?

A

Sympathetic; generally increases bodily activity

Parasympathetic; maintains or decreases bodily activity

36
Q

What is the function of the Spinal Cord as part of the CNS?

A

Receives and transmits information to and from the Brain

37
Q

What is the function of the Brain as part of the CNS?

A

Sustains life and conducts psychological processes

AQA Psychology AS (9 decks)

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