Social Influence: Flashcards
What is social facilitation?
Where presence of others improves individual task performance
What did Normal Triplett discover?
showed improved performance in the presence of others
What was Robert Zajonc (1965) theory?
presence of others leads to arousal, which enhances performance on simple tasks but impairs performance on complex tasks
What did Michaels et al (1982) find?
demonstrated that skilled individuals perform better when observed, while novices perform worse
what is social loafing?
Tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.
What are the factors affecting social loafing?
- Group size
- Specific group goals
- Identifiability or individual contributions
- Perceived importance
What is social conformity?
- Change in behavior or belief due to real or imagined group pressure
What factors affected conformity in Ash’s line judgment task?
group size and unanimity
What is group think? What are charcteristics?
when a groups need for agreement leads to ineffective decisions.
Characteristics include:
- Highly cohesive groups
- Isolation from external influences
- High-stakes situations and time pressure
- Overestimation of group’s power and morality
Pressure on dissenters.
What are the factors for effective minority influence?
Consistency
Flexibility
Confidence
Persistence
