Altruism and Justice

Question 1

What is prosocial behaviour?

Answer 1

Benefits someone else.
An action that is positively valued by society.
Different people have different motives in
different situations.

Question 2

What is antisoical behaviour?

Answer 2

Harms someone else.
An action that is not valued by society.
Different people have different motives in
different situations.

Question 3

What is helping behaviour?

Answer 3

: An action that
is performed to benefit a person
without the explicit intention
benefitting the self.
Casual helping
Emergency helping

Question 4

What is altruism?

Answer 4

: An action that is
performed to benefit a person
without benefitting the self.

may be detrimental for the helper.

Question 5

What s bystander intervention?

Answer 5

act of helping a person in danger
or distress by people who are not its
cause.

Question 6

What are the steps of a bystander intervene?

Answer 6

1. Notice the event
2. Interpret the event /pluralistic ignorance. endorse particular norm based on surroundings.
3. Assume responsibility /diffusion of responsibility. (someone else will help).
4. Know how to help

Question 7

What is a social dilemma?

Answer 7

is a situation in
which the interest of the individual
are at odds with the interests of the
group.
Cooperate: Sacrifice the individual
interest for the group.
Defect: Pursue the individual
interest at the expense of the group

Question 8

what are factors that faciliate cooperation?

Answer 8

Increasing the value that people put on the
common interest vs. their individual interest
Fostering a strong identification with the
group
Being able to communicate effectively to
establish principles and rules
Reward co-operators and punish defectors

Question 9

What is the kin selection theory?

Answer 9

Kin Selection Theory: Acting differently towards
members of the same species depending on their
degree of genetic relatedness to the self.

Question 10

What is reciprocal altruism?

Answer 10

Acting to help others with
the assumption they would help you in return if
needed.

Question 11

What is empathy and empathic concern?

Answer 11

Empathy is the ability to take the
perspective of others.
Empathic Concern: An emotional
reaction to the suffering of others
which results from taking their
perspective

Question 12

What is justice?

Answer 12

Exists when people treat each
other as they are entitled or deserve
to be treated. (Equity, fairness).

Question 13

What is distributive justice?

Answer 13

Concern
with the apportionment of
privileges, duties, and goods
in consonance with the
merits of the individual and
the best interest of society.

Question 14

What is procedural justice?

Answer 14

Concern
with fairness of the
procedures that resolve
disputes and allocate
resources.

Question 15

What are the three principles of distributive justice (Deutsch, 1975)

Answer 15

Equity: Outcomes should be
proportional to merit and contribution.
Equality: Resources should be
distributed equally.
Need: Focus should be on what people
need to survive and thrive

Question 16

What are the 4 pillars of procedural justice?

Answer 16

1) Being fair in the process/method
2) Being transparent in actions
3) Providing opportunity for voice
4) Being impartial in decision-making

Question 17

What is social exchange theory?

Answer 17

We want to maximize personal benefits and minimize personal
costs

Question 18

What is just world theory?

Answer 18

People have a deep-seated need to perceive the world as a just
place where people get what they deserve and deserve what they
get

Question 19

What is the group value model?

Answer 19

People care about the status and respect they receive within their
social groups. The fairness of outcomes and processes is an
indicator of their status.

Question 20

What is the system justification theory?

Answer 20

People’s dependence on social systems for wealth and security
motivates them to justify those systems and see them as fair.