Close relationships Flashcards
What are the effects of loneliness?
Loneliness increases risk of death by 26%
as bad as smoking 15 cigaretees a day
worse for you than obesity.
What is the halo effect?
cognitive bias influences perception of characteristics or traits a person will have.
What is the averageness effect?
finding that average people’s faces are perceived as more attractive.
How is prototypicality related to attraction?
We see lots of people’s faces over time.
We use these faces to create our image of a prototypical face.
we then compare new faces to our perceived prototypical face, and judge attractiveness this way.
What is a matching phenomenon?
tendency for individuals to choose as partners people who are a similar match to themselves in terms of their own physical attractiveness.
What is the proximity effect?
being in or close to others can facilitate attraction and relationship formation.
What is the need to affiliate?
motive to seek and maintain relationships with others.
How is similarity related to attraction?
People find others more attractive when they are similar to themselves in ways other than their level of physical attractiveness.
How is reciprocity related to attraction?
does the other person like you too, like other people you like, dislike people you also dislike.
What is the social exchange theory?
How we feel about our relationships depends on our perceptions of:
- Rewards we gain from the experience
- Costs we incur from the relationships
If this is the relationship we deserve or if we could be in a better one.
What is the equity theory?
people are happiest in equal relationships. People are not just looking out for rewards and costs - they are concerned with fairness and equity.
How is reinforcement and reward related to attraction?
We like people who are present when something good happens. Even if they don’t have anything to do with the good situation
What are the two types of love?
Passionate - love characterized by intense emotional and physical feelings for another person.
Companionate - love characterised by a deep caring and affection for another person.
