Social Influence

Question 1

Difference between obedience and conformity

Answer 1

Obedience- person giving order authority figure of higher status- power to exert consequences. Overt influence states what require

Conformity- majority same status but exert influence by power of numbers. Subtle influence, individuals may be unaware subjected to conformity pressures

Question 2

Asch, year

Answer 2

1951

Question 3

Asch ppts

Answer 3

50 male college students from pennsylvania

7 in each group incl one naive

Question 4

Asch findings

Answer 4

75% conformed atleast once
Avg rate 32%
5% conformed all 12
Control group error rate 0.04%

Question 5

Group size asch 1956

Answer 5

1 confederate 3%
12.8% 2 confederates
32% 3 confederates

Question 6

Unanimity

Answer 6

When one correctly went against 5.5%
When one incorrectly went against 9%

Question 7

Task difficulty

Answer 7

Greater comformity due to nsi

Question 8

Cultural versions of asch findings

Answer 8

Smith et al 2006
Individualist cultures avg 25%
Collectivist eg asia 37%

Question 9

Zimbardo year

Answer 9

1973

Question 10

Zimbardo ppts

Answer 10

24 psychologically healthy white middle class us male students

Question 11

What is the apa and bps

Answer 11

American psychological association british psychological association
Recognition formal ethical guidelines studies must now undergo extensive reviews but ethics committees
Due to zimbardo

Question 12

Milgram year

Answer 12

1963

Question 13

Milgram ppts

Answer 13

40 males between 20 and 50

Question 14

Milgram findings

Answer 14

100% 300 v
65% 450 v
12.5% stopped 300v

Question 15

Cultural obedience rates

Answer 15

Kilham and Mann. Obedience rates 40% in Australia
Mantell. 85% Germany

Question 16

Support legitimate authority
Uniform

Answer 16

Bickman new york study
Guard: 76% obey
Milkman: 47%
Normal: 30%

Question 17

Milgram proximity

Answer 17

Same room 40%
Hold hand 30%
Instructions over phone 20.5%

Question 18

Location milgram

Answer 18

Run down office building
47%

Question 19

Milgram uniform

Answer 19

When replaced with everday clothes dropped to 20%

Question 20

Research support authoritarian personality

Answer 20

Elms and Milgram 1966
Found ppts from original study obedient ones ranked higher on f scale

Question 21

Supports social support

Answer 21

Asch and dissenter
Variation of milgram where they watched two confederates disobey and obedience rates dropped to 10%

Question 22

Support locus of control

Answer 22

Holland 1967 repeated milgram and measured if ppts had internal or external locus of control
37% of those with internal locus of control didn’t continue to 450 but only 23% external didn’t

Question 23

Oliner and oliner 1988

Answer 23

Interviewed two groups non jewish who had lived through holocaust in nazi germany
406 who had rescued jews compared with 126 who hadn’t
Rescuers had strong internal locus of control

Question 24

Minority influence processes

Answer 24

Consistency
Commitment
Flexibility

Question 25

Support and flexibility

Answer 25

Nemeth 1986 created groups 3 ppts and 1 confederate who had to decide how much to pay victim of ski lift accident
When confederate argued for low amount and refused to change position had no effect on majority
When shifted to slightly higher amount majority went slightly lower

Question 26

Support consistency

Answer 26

Moscovici found when 4 naive ppts placed with 2 confederates and asked to state colour of number of slides(all blue) when ppts consistently stated slides green for all 36 they managed to convince majority on 8.42% of trials but in another condition 24/36 only 1.25%

Question 27

How does social change occur

Answer 27

Snowball effect
Social cryptoamnesia