Aggression

Question 1

Support neural mechanisms
Fmris

Answer 1

Gospic et al 2011 fmris on ppts playing lab based game which provoked aggression called ultimatum game
When rejected unfair offer fast and heightened activity in amygdala

Question 2

Neural mechanisms meta analysis

Answer 2

Scerbo and Raine 1993 meta analysis 29 studies assessing serotonin levels in antisocial children
Aggressive antisocial children had low levels of serotonin suggesting reduced serotonin results in impulsive behaviour and aggression

Question 3

Hormonal mechanisms

Answer 3

Dabbs et al tested prison inmates and found association between high testosterone levels and violent crimes, compared with low testosterone and non violent crimes

Question 4

Genetic aggression twins

Answer 4

Coccaro et al 1997 187 MZ adult twin pairs and 118 DZ concordance rates 50% MZ and 19% DZ twins in physical aggression

Question 5

Genetic adoptions

Answer 5

Hutchins and Mednick 1973 reviewed 14000 adoptions in denmark and found significant positive correlation between number of convictions for criminal violence amongst adopted sons

Question 6

Role MAOA gene

Answer 6

Brunner 1993 studied 28 male members of a dutch family who had been involved in aggressive behaviour like rape and attempted murder. Found these men had abnormally low levels maoa in brains and low activity in maoa gene

Question 7

Not just genes

Answer 7

Caspi 2002 found children low levels maoa more likely to grow up to exhibit antisocial behaviour only if they had been maltreated- gene environment interaction

Question 8

Who argued characteristics of bullying attractive to opposite sex

Answer 8

Volk

Question 9

Support ethological

Answer 9

Tinbergen sticklebacks attacked anything red spot

Question 10

Support ethological m

Answer 10

Sackett reared monkeys in isolation still violent when shown picture

Question 11

Against ethological

Answer 11

Nisbett 1996 north south divide in homicide rates in us with higher rates in south act more aggressively in lab

Question 12

What is direct guarding

Answer 12

Behaviour which restricts access to other males

Question 13

What are negative inducements

Answer 13

Use of verbal threats and physical violence which induce fear

Question 14

Practical application evolutionary

Answer 14

Clares law gives any member of public right to know if their partner is a risk to them
Reducing bullying

Question 15

Evidence sexual jealousy

Answer 15

Shackleford carried out study of 461 males and 560 females in long term relationships about mate retention strategies found positive correlation between men’s reports of mate retention strategies and women’s reports of their partners physical violence suggesting sexual jealousy leads to aggressive behaviour

Question 16

Against evolutionary

Answer 16

Nisbett et al north south divide

Question 17

Who proposed frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 17

Dollard et al
Also said not always expressed directly against source of aggression
Abstract absent powerful

Question 18

Who proposed frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 18

Dollard et al
Also said not always expressed directly against source of aggression
Abstract absent powerful

Question 19

Who revised frustration aggression

Answer 19

Berkowitz frustration alone doesn’t always lead aggression but it is more likely if aggressive cues such as weapons makes readiness for aggression

Question 20

Support frustration aggression

Answer 20

Geen 1968
Male students to do a puzzle
Group 1- given impossible puzzle
Group 2- close to finishing but confederate kept interfering
Group 3-insulted every time
And a control group
Then gave opportunity to shock a confederate
Group insulted highest shock

Question 21

Supports weapons aggressive cue

Answer 21

Berkowitz 1989 confederates give fake shocks to students and then got chance to fake shock back
If two guns present avg shocks 6.07
If not 4.67

Question 22

Contrasting frustration aggression

Answer 22

Bushman 2002
Found if ppts vented their anger by repeatedly punching a bag they became more aggressive - not catharsis

Question 23

Private self awareness

Answer 23

Attention focused on events around us so no longer care about what others think of us so are less self critical

Question 24

Public self awareness

Answer 24

Realise we are anonymous so no longer care what people think of us less accountable for actions

Question 25

Who suggested interactionist model institutional aggression

Answer 25

Dobbs and waid 2004 deprivation doesn’t lead to aggression unless it combines with an individual’s characteristics imported in- fuller more valid argument relecting complex nature violence in prisons

Question 26

Who suggested interactionist model institutional aggression

Answer 26

Dobbs and waid 2004 deprivation doesn’t lead to aggression unless it combines with an individual’s characteristics imported in- fuller more valid argument relecting complex nature violence in prisons

Question 27

Supports situational explanation aggression

Answer 27

Cunningham 2010 analysed 35 inmate homicides in texas prisons and found motivation aggressive behaviour linked to deprivation eg arguments over drugs relationships and possessions

Question 28

Supports importation model

Answer 28

De lisi studied 813 juvenile delinquents in California with negative dispositional traits eg childhood trauma and substance abuse
Found more likely to commit violent acts and suicidal behaviour compared to control of inmates with fewer negative dispositional factors

Question 29

Contradicting situational

Answer 29

Hensley studied 256 male and female inmates in 2 prisons in Mississippi which allow conjugal visits from partners and there was found no link between these visits and reduced aggression