Aggression Flashcards
Support neural mechanisms
Fmris
Gospic et al 2011 fmris on ppts playing lab based game which provoked aggression called ultimatum game
When rejected unfair offer fast and heightened activity in amygdala
Neural mechanisms meta analysis
Scerbo and Raine 1993 meta analysis 29 studies assessing serotonin levels in antisocial children
Aggressive antisocial children had low levels of serotonin suggesting reduced serotonin results in impulsive behaviour and aggression
Hormonal mechanisms
Dabbs et al tested prison inmates and found association between high testosterone levels and violent crimes, compared with low testosterone and non violent crimes
Genetic aggression twins
Coccaro et al 1997 187 MZ adult twin pairs and 118 DZ concordance rates 50% MZ and 19% DZ twins in physical aggression
Genetic adoptions
Hutchins and Mednick 1973 reviewed 14000 adoptions in denmark and found significant positive correlation between number of convictions for criminal violence amongst adopted sons
Role MAOA gene
Brunner 1993 studied 28 male members of a dutch family who had been involved in aggressive behaviour like rape and attempted murder. Found these men had abnormally low levels maoa in brains and low activity in maoa gene
Not just genes
Caspi 2002 found children low levels maoa more likely to grow up to exhibit antisocial behaviour only if they had been maltreated- gene environment interaction
Who argued characteristics of bullying attractive to opposite sex
Volk
Support ethological
Tinbergen sticklebacks attacked anything red spot
Support ethological m
Sackett reared monkeys in isolation still violent when shown picture
Against ethological
Nisbett 1996 north south divide in homicide rates in us with higher rates in south act more aggressively in lab
What is direct guarding
Behaviour which restricts access to other males
What are negative inducements
Use of verbal threats and physical violence which induce fear
Practical application evolutionary
Clares law gives any member of public right to know if their partner is a risk to them
Reducing bullying
Evidence sexual jealousy
Shackleford carried out study of 461 males and 560 females in long term relationships about mate retention strategies found positive correlation between men’s reports of mate retention strategies and women’s reports of their partners physical violence suggesting sexual jealousy leads to aggressive behaviour
Against evolutionary
Nisbett et al north south divide
Who proposed frustration aggression hypothesis
Dollard et al
Also said not always expressed directly against source of aggression
Abstract absent powerful
Who proposed frustration aggression hypothesis
Dollard et al
Also said not always expressed directly against source of aggression
Abstract absent powerful
Who revised frustration aggression
Berkowitz frustration alone doesn’t always lead aggression but it is more likely if aggressive cues such as weapons makes readiness for aggression
Support frustration aggression
Geen 1968
Male students to do a puzzle
Group 1- given impossible puzzle
Group 2- close to finishing but confederate kept interfering
Group 3-insulted every time
And a control group
Then gave opportunity to shock a confederate
Group insulted highest shock
Supports weapons aggressive cue
Berkowitz 1989 confederates give fake shocks to students and then got chance to fake shock back
If two guns present avg shocks 6.07
If not 4.67
Contrasting frustration aggression
Bushman 2002
Found if ppts vented their anger by repeatedly punching a bag they became more aggressive - not catharsis
Private self awareness
Attention focused on events around us so no longer care about what others think of us so are less self critical
Public self awareness
Realise we are anonymous so no longer care what people think of us less accountable for actions
Who suggested interactionist model institutional aggression
Dobbs and waid 2004 deprivation doesn’t lead to aggression unless it combines with an individual’s characteristics imported in- fuller more valid argument relecting complex nature violence in prisons
Who suggested interactionist model institutional aggression
Dobbs and waid 2004 deprivation doesn’t lead to aggression unless it combines with an individual’s characteristics imported in- fuller more valid argument relecting complex nature violence in prisons
Supports situational explanation aggression
Cunningham 2010 analysed 35 inmate homicides in texas prisons and found motivation aggressive behaviour linked to deprivation eg arguments over drugs relationships and possessions
Supports importation model
De lisi studied 813 juvenile delinquents in California with negative dispositional traits eg childhood trauma and substance abuse
Found more likely to commit violent acts and suicidal behaviour compared to control of inmates with fewer negative dispositional factors
Contradicting situational
Hensley studied 256 male and female inmates in 2 prisons in Mississippi which allow conjugal visits from partners and there was found no link between these visits and reduced aggression
