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social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

what is social influence ?

A

the way in which a person or group of people affect the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour of an individual

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2
Q

what is conformity the process of ?

A

yielding to majority influence

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3
Q

what is conformity ?

A

how an individual or small group change their behaviour and/or attitudes as a result of the influence of a larger group
- where there is no direct request for them to do so

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4
Q

who suggested the 3 types of conformity ?

A

kelman in 1958

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5
Q

what are the types of conformity ?

A
  • compliance
  • identification
  • internalisation
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5
Q

what is compliance ?

A
  • most likely to occur when the person or group is providing the influence is powerful and controlling
  • only at a publicly level and retain there own private beliefs
  • once social pressure removed conformity ceases
  • conformed in order to be liked or accepted
  • likely to result in majority influence
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6
Q

what is identification ?

A
  • occurs when we conform to actual roles and expectations of others
  • act in a way which is expected of you even if not enthusiastic about this role
  • identify with the role
  • adapt because they value membership of a particular group
  • maintain it even if not with the group
  • can lead to temporary change
  • but when leaves group likely to revert back
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7
Q

what is internalisation ?

A
  • deepest level
  • occurs when we genuinely accept others influences as it makes sense
  • fits into are value system
  • more likely to occur when people/ group trying to influence us is credible
  • may make us challenge our initial views and take them on board
  • often occurs w minority influence
  • long lasting and permeant as true change in persons views
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8
Q

what is nAffilators ?

A

people who have a greater need for affiliation

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9
Q

what are the 2 explanations of why people conform called ?

A
  • normative social influence
  • informational social influence
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10
Q

what is normative social influence ?

A
  • the desire to be likes
  • change their behaviour to be liked or accepted
  • most likely to result in compliance
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11
Q

what is informational social influence ?

A
  • the desire to be right or correct
  • uncertain what to do so go with the majority
  • likely to occur in ambiguous situations
  • more likely to result in internalisation
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11
Q

what is group size ?

A
  • Asch manipulated the size of the majority to record the affect
    -conformity increased to the highest at 1:3
  • Asch tried it with 1,2,3,4,8,10,15 confederates
  • in large group the naïve pps was suspicious
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11
Q

what are the 3 variables affecting conformity called ?

A

group size
unanimity
difficulty of task

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11
Q

what is unanimity ?

A
  • Asch found if the pps had 1 supporter then less likely to conform decreased by 5.5%
  • as it is same as having an ally so confidence in themselves
  • also equal affective if a confederate gave an answer which was also wrong as had support
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11
Q

what is a difficult task ?

A
  • if the task is difficult then the pps isn’t sure what to do
  • conformity more likely to happen
  • the more difficult the higher conformity increases
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11
Q

what is the conclusion of sheriff 1935 study ?

A

when faced with an ambiguous
situation the pps looked to others for help and guidance
-ISI
-internalisation

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12
Q

what is the conclusion to Asch study ?

A

-a tendency conform in a group situation to the judgements of others even if these judgments are quite clearly incorrect

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13
Q

what is the conclusion to Zimbardo’s study ?

A

reactions so extreme could be because they conformed to social roles
- internalisation

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14
Q

what is blind obedience ?

A

doing what you ate told regardless of the persons morals or ethics or sexuality

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15
Q

what is obedience ?

A

causes a person to act in response to an order given by another person who holds power or had authority above the person

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16
Q

why did Milgram do his experiment ?

A

to see if the atrocities of ww2 were due to a dispositional explanation

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17
Q

what was the conclusion to Milgram’s experiment ?

A

obedience due to authority is due to more situational factors rather than a deviant personality

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18
Q

what are the 3 situational variables in mailgrams study ?

A

location
uniform
proximity

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19
Q

what are the 2 explanations of obedience ?

A

legitimate authority
agentic state

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20
Q

what is legitimate authority ?

A

it is a role defined by society were the degree of perceived social power help by the person who gives the instructions is higher then the person who is being is given the instructions
- believe they are experts in there field

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21
Q

what is agentic state ?

A

is passing responsibility for our responsible consequences to the person who is giving the orders

22
Q

what is automany ?

A

taking responsibility for our own actions

23
Q

what is an authoritarian personality ?

A

a distinct personality pattern characterised by strict adherence to conventional value and a belief in absolute obedience or submission to authority

24
Q

what is destructive obedience ?

A

obedience that harms individuals and society as a whole

25
Q

what is the authoritarian personality parenting lead too ?

A

there children to grow in fear of consequences so there displaced hostility which they feel for their parents is placed onto weaker of believed inferior targets
- also submissive to thos ein power

26
Q

what is an authoritarian personality target more likely to be ?

A

weak and unable to fight back targeted
- minority groups
- the poor

27
Q

what are the characteristics of someone who scores highly on the f-scale ?

A
  • convential values
  • hostility to out groups
  • intolerance to ambiguity
  • submissive to authority
  • belief everyone divided into weak or strong
  • belief that authority should be aggressive
28
Q

what is an important dispositional factor ?

A

the persons locus of control

29
Q

what is an important situational factor ?

A

social support

30
Q

what can social support be considered as ?

A

the perception of assistance and solidarity of others

31
Q

what is social support ?

A

when we are in social situations and someone defies attempts to make them conform or obey

32
Q

what does social support lead too ?

A

someone finds it easier to resit to conforming or obeying as they have moral support which makes them feel confident as they aren’t alone and don’t stand out as much
- confidence to stick to what they believe in

33
Q

what is Asch example of social support ?

A
  • when 1 confederate was an ally towards the naïve pps
  • conformity dropped from 33% to 5%
34
Q

what is an example of Milgram’s social support ?

A

when there were 2 confederates that were also teachers but they refused to obey
- so they were a disobedient model
- obedience dropped from 65% to 10% for reaching 450V

35
Q

what is locus of control ?

A

is the extent to which people perceive themselves as being in control of their lives

36
Q

what are the 2 extremes of locus of control ?

A

high internal locus of control
high external locus of control

37
Q

what is high internal locus of control ?

A

the some individuals believe that their own actions make a difference that can affect the outcome of situations
- they believe in themselves while

38
Q

what is high external of control ?

A

where some individuals tend to believe that nothing they do will make any real difference and things will turn out a certain way regardless of their actions cause of luck or fate

39
Q

are high internal locus of control more achievement orientated ?

A

yes
- as exercise personal control over life

40
Q

what do high internal locus of control people not seek ?

A
41
Q

are external locus of control ppl more likely to be influenced by others ?

A

yes
- as they seek social approval and don’t believe they exercise personal control

42
Q

what is minority influence ?

A

minorities can change behaviours and attitudes overtime
- allows for a strong long lasting change which involves a change in belief systems
- it is internalised
-therefore public and private and public views are changed

43
Q

what happens if everyone went along with the majority ?

A

if people simply went along with the majority all the time and minority view point never prevailed so no change

44
Q

what are the 3 main behavioural characteristics Moscovici identified that help bring about change ?

A

consistent
flexible
commitment

45
Q

what are the benefits of a consistent message ?

A

if consistent then more likely to be taken seriously by the majority
-majority listen as they view the minority as confident with their message

46
Q

what are the benefits of a flexible message ?

A

if a voice is willing to also listen to those around them then more likely to be trusted and taken seriously
- the minority which is open to negation is more likely to begin change

47
Q

what happens if the voice is too flexible ?

A

then can be seen as counterproductive

48
Q

what are the benefits of commitment in a message ?

A

shows the majority just how much you believe in the cause

49
Q

what are the other 2 behavioural characteristics ?

A

relevant
persuasiveness

50
Q

what is the benefit of a relevant message ?

A

must be relevant to the time
- as at the right time then the minority message is more effective

51
Q

what is the benefit of a persuasive message ?

A

it allows it to make a sense
- and you need to make the majority believe and internalise the minority view point and make it become their own

52
Q

what examples of persuasive techniques ?

A

public speech
intelligent use of language

53
Q

what is the snowball effect ?

A

is when they start the it as a small significance and then it builds upon itself

54
Q

what is the crypto amnesia ?

A

implicit memory phenom
where people mistakenly believe that a current thought or idea is a product of their own

55
Q

what was moscovici et al 1969 study aim ?

A

to determine is a minority can influence a majority of naïve pps
- and determine the conditions necessary for this to occur

56
Q

what is social change ?

A

change in social institutions, social behaviour or social relationships in a society or community

57
Q

what is social crypto amnesia ?

A

where people have a memory where change has occurred but cant remember how it happened

58
Q

what can social change do ?

A
  • draw attention to it
  • allow people to think deeper about it
59
Q

what is the augmentation principle ?

A

were individuals risk their lives for a cause

60
Q

what is independent behaviour ?

A

a behaviour done by someone that hasn’t been influenced by another person

psychology (13 decks)

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