Social Influence Flashcards
Asch
123 white American males
had to select the line which was the same length as the original line from 3 options
confederates went first and chose the wrong one
The true ppt agreed 36.8% of the time
Asch variations
group size - smaller groups found conformity increased until a certain point
Unanimity - one dissenter dropped to less than 25% conformity
Task difficulty - answer was harder to pick increased conformity
Lucas (evaluations of Asch and reason for informative social influence)
Gave 3 maths questions. when the questions were harder more people conformed
Zimbardo
21 stable American males volunteered
randomly assigned prisoner or prison guard
guards treated prisoners harshly, within 2 days they rebelled
conformed to their social roles
Milgram
14 American men
asked to shock the learner every time he got a question wrong
65% obeyed
12.5% stopped at 300 volts
Perry (evaluation of Milgram)
reviewed videos and said only half believed the shocks were real so was subject to demand characteristics
sheridan and king (evaluating milgram)
gave real shocks to a puppy 54% males and 100% females (1972) went to full voltage
milgram variations
uniform - normal clothes = 20% obedience
location - old office block = 47.5% obedience
proximity
- same room as learner = 40%
- touch proximity = 30%
- instructions over the phone = 20.5%
bickman (evaluations for milgrams variation)
a milkman, security guard and businessman asked pedestrians to pick up litter. guard had more people obey
hofling (agency theory evaluation and legitimacy of authority evaluation)
nurses ordered to over-administer drugs. all remained autonomous despite doctor claiming full responsibility despite a nurse being less legitimate than a doctor
adorno - dispositional explanation for obedience
created the F scale 2000 middle class white americans tested
those who scored highly identified with strong people and judged weak people and showed extreme respect to those of higher status
milgram (adorno evaluation)
tested most obedient ppts on the F scale and the most obedient group scored significantly higher
allen and levine (evidence for social support)
conformity decreased in an asch like experiement even when they claimed to have bad eyesight
Rank and Jacobsen (evidence for social support)
Nurses wouldnt administer a high dose of drug if had the chance to talk with other nurses first
Holland (support for Locus of control)
repeated milgrams baseline study and found people with internal locus of control conformed less than those with external locus of control
Twenge (limitation of locus of control)
Studied LOC for 40 years and found we have become more resistant but external (contradicts the idea we are more resistant if we have an Internal LOC)
Moscovici (support for commitment for minority influence)
Blue green slides female ppts in groups of 6 (including 2 confederates)
group 1 - said slides were all green (consistent)
group 2- said slides were green 2/3 times
group 3 - control
consistent influenced 8.5% inconsistent influenced 1.5%
Nemeth (support for flexibility for minority influence)
3 ppts and 1 confed try to set a compensation level, confed says lower but is flexible so the rest of the group change their answers to lower
Nolan (support for social influence and social change)
hung signs on doors for 2 groups
group 1 - others are saving energy
group 2 - save energy
more people saved energy when thinking others were too
Bashir (limitations for social influence and social change)
ppts do not want to be associated with the minority eg veganism which stops social change
