Social Influence

Question 1

Asch

Answer 1

123 white American males
had to select the line which was the same length as the original line from 3 options
confederates went first and chose the wrong one
The true ppt agreed 36.8% of the time

Question 2

Asch variations

Answer 2

group size - smaller groups found conformity increased until a certain point

Unanimity - one dissenter dropped to less than 25% conformity

Task difficulty - answer was harder to pick increased conformity

Question 3

Lucas (evaluations of Asch and reason for informative social influence)

Answer 3

Gave 3 maths questions. when the questions were harder more people conformed

Question 4

Zimbardo

Answer 4

21 stable American males volunteered
randomly assigned prisoner or prison guard
guards treated prisoners harshly, within 2 days they rebelled
conformed to their social roles

Question 5

Milgram

Answer 5

14 American men
asked to shock the learner every time he got a question wrong
65% obeyed
12.5% stopped at 300 volts

Question 6

Perry (evaluation of Milgram)

Answer 6

reviewed videos and said only half believed the shocks were real so was subject to demand characteristics

Question 7

sheridan and king (evaluating milgram)

Answer 7

gave real shocks to a puppy 54% males and 100% females (1972) went to full voltage

Question 8

milgram variations

Answer 8

uniform - normal clothes = 20% obedience
location - old office block = 47.5% obedience
proximity
- same room as learner = 40%
- touch proximity = 30%
- instructions over the phone = 20.5%

Question 9

bickman (evaluations for milgrams variation)

Answer 9

a milkman, security guard and businessman asked pedestrians to pick up litter. guard had more people obey

Question 10

hofling (agency theory evaluation and legitimacy of authority evaluation)

Answer 10

nurses ordered to over-administer drugs. all remained autonomous despite doctor claiming full responsibility despite a nurse being less legitimate than a doctor

Question 11

adorno - dispositional explanation for obedience

Answer 11

created the F scale 2000 middle class white americans tested
those who scored highly identified with strong people and judged weak people and showed extreme respect to those of higher status

Question 12

milgram (adorno evaluation)

Answer 12

tested most obedient ppts on the F scale and the most obedient group scored significantly higher

Question 13

allen and levine (evidence for social support)

Answer 13

conformity decreased in an asch like experiement even when they claimed to have bad eyesight

Question 14

Rank and Jacobsen (evidence for social support)

Answer 14

Nurses wouldnt administer a high dose of drug if had the chance to talk with other nurses first

Question 15

Holland (support for Locus of control)

Answer 15

repeated milgrams baseline study and found people with internal locus of control conformed less than those with external locus of control

Question 16

Twenge (limitation of locus of control)

Answer 16

Studied LOC for 40 years and found we have become more resistant but external (contradicts the idea we are more resistant if we have an Internal LOC)

Question 17

Moscovici (support for commitment for minority influence)

Answer 17

Blue green slides female ppts in groups of 6 (including 2 confederates)
group 1 - said slides were all green (consistent)
group 2- said slides were green 2/3 times
group 3 - control
consistent influenced 8.5% inconsistent influenced 1.5%

Question 18

Nemeth (support for flexibility for minority influence)

Answer 18

3 ppts and 1 confed try to set a compensation level, confed says lower but is flexible so the rest of the group change their answers to lower

Question 19

Nolan (support for social influence and social change)

Answer 19

hung signs on doors for 2 groups
group 1 - others are saving energy
group 2 - save energy
more people saved energy when thinking others were too

Question 20

Bashir (limitations for social influence and social change)

Answer 20

ppts do not want to be associated with the minority eg veganism which stops social change