social influence

Question 1

Asch experiment

Answer 1

• us make students
  -line test (3lines different lengths, match closest to 1) correct one was obvious.
  -6-8 confederates give wrong answer
  -participant gives answer last

-average conformity was 37%

Question 2

Variables affecting conformity

Answer 2

Group size(amount of confederates giving wrong answer)
-1 confederate =3% conformed
-3 confederates =32% not much. Difference after 3
Plateau at 3 people
Unanimity
-all confederates gave the same incorrect answer then one gave the correct correct answer , conformity dropped as had support. As look for guidance.
Task difficulty
-made them similar lengths , conformity = up

Question 3

Pros and cons of variables affecting conformity Asch evaluation

Answer 3

• lacks temporal validity (1950s conformist time) 30yrs later repeats only one student conformed , engineer students.
  -lacks population validity (123 us male students, individual culture , china collective)
  -lacks ecological validity (artificial non everyday task , lab setting)

Question 4

Types of conformity

Answer 4

-compliance (short term,public only , recycling)
-identification(public and private, short and long term,uggs)
-internalisation(long term, public and private, vegetarian )

Question 5

Explanations of conformity

Answer 5

Normative social influence
-to be liked/accepted into a group
Informational social influence - to be right, new situations

Question 6

Pros and cons of explanations of conformity

Answer 6

NSI
+research teenagers smoking
-affiliator personality
ISI
+jelly beans task
-individual differences(asch task with engineer students)

Question 7

Conformity to social roles experiment

Answer 7

-zimbardo
-fake prison in Stanford uni
-25 male students
-guards and prisoners
-quickly conformed -aggressive
-5 prisoners released early

Question 8

Pros and cons of conformity to social roles experiment

Answer 8

+High levels of control ( screened participants)
-lack of realism ( aware taking part demand characteristics , acted on movies)
-ethical concerns ( released early, break of guidelines) physically
and psychologically abused

Question 9

Variables affecting obedience - milgram

Answer 9

-male participants volunteered
- teacher is always participant ‘randomly allocated’
- teacher watched leaner be plugged in
- asked learner word pairs if wrong shock them up to 450volts
-65% reached 450

Question 10

Variables affecting obedience

Answer 10

Proximity
-to the authority figure (researcher have instructions over phone -dropped to 20%
-to the learner - both in same room obedience to 40%
Location
Yale uni
Rub down building 47%
Uniform
Lab coat
Everyday clothes -20%

Question 11

Pros and cons of variables affecting obedience

Answer 11

+ecological validity - nurses over phone drug 21/22 obeyed
-lacks internal validity - thought it was fake , demand characteristics
- ethical issues - rught to withdraw

Question 12

Explanations of obedience

Answer 12

Agentic state
- believes acting on behalf of someone like an agent no blame
Legitimacy of authority
- hericachy , police
Authoritain personality
- extreme respect for authority
- strict upbringing
- F scale to measure AP

Question 13

Pros and cons of agentic state

Answer 13

+ milgram “I am responsible (researcher )
- some don’t experimce agentic shift

Question 14

Pros and cons of legitimacy of authority

Answer 14

+ cultur differences (austrailia)
- hofling style (16/18 nurses disobeyed )

Question 15

Pros and cons of authoritain personality

Answer 15

+f scale = higher authoritain P
- correlation not causation like genetics
- methodological problems - F scale is self report demand characteristics

Question 16

Explanations to resistance to social influence

Answer 16

-social support ( presence of one person supporting, provides confidence to do the same.)
-locus of control (internal-control over lives motivated)

Question 17

Pros to social support

Answer 17

+ asch created a dissenter to say the correct answer instead of wrong -conformity = dropped to 5%
+asch experiment - thick glasses -no effect

Question 18

Pros and cons of locus of control

Answer 18

+milgram measured locus of control to participants more internals didn’t continue to 450volts
- public just got more distant to obedience

Question 19

Minority influence + factors effecting minority influence

Answer 19

Moscovici - 4 participants 2 confederates
-confederates said consistently they were green
- then inconsistently
- then blue
Consistency
-keep same belive (20years of teaching)
Commitment
-put themselves at risk
flexibility
-reasonable

+ consistency , meta analysis = most influential when consistent, reliability as meta.
-lacks external validity, artificial not real life views.

Question 20

Social change

Answer 20

-snow ball effect
- majority becomes minority
-gets faster as more people join
- then goes through conformity then obedience