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A level - Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

Conformity

A

Yielding to group pressure

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2
Q

Group size

A

The extent to which the number of people in a group affects the degree to which an individual conforms

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3
Q

Unanimity

A

The extent to which members of a group agreeing with one another affects the degree to which an individual conforms

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4
Q

Task difficulty

A

The extent to which how obvious a correct answer seems affects the degree to which an individual conforms

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5
Q

Asch (1951) ‘baseline’

A

j

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6
Q

Asch (1955)

A

j

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7
Q

Todd Lucas et al (2006)

A

j

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8
Q

Compliance

A

Publicly, but not privately, going along with majority influence to gain approval

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9
Q

Internalisation

A

Public and private acceptance of majority influence, through adoption of the majority group’s belief system

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10
Q

Identification

A

Public and private acceptance of majority influence in order to gain group acceptance

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11
Q

Informational social influence (ISI)

A

A motivational force to look to others for guidance in order to be correct

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12
Q

Normative social influence (NSI)

A

A motivational force to be liked and accepted by a group

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13
Q

Paul McGhee and Richard Teevan (1967)

A

j

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14
Q

Asch (1951)

A

j

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15
Q

Lucas et al (2006)

A

j

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16
Q

Social roles

A

The parts individuals play as members of a social group, which meet the expectations of that situation

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17
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

An unpleasant feeling of anxiety created by simultaneously holding two contradictory ideas

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18
Q

Confederates

A

Also known a pseudo-participants and stooges, individuals who pretend to be participants or researchers

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19
Q

Variables affecting conformity

A

Characteristics that can affect the degree to which individuals conform

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20
Q

Situational variables

A

Features of an environment that affect the degree to which individuals yield to group pressures

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21
Q

Individual variables

A

Personal characteristics that affect the degree to which individuals yield to group pressures

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22
Q

Mood

A

Research suggests that humans will conform more when they’re in a good mood. Tong et al (2008)

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23
Q

Culture

A

Research suggests that humans will conform to different levels because of their culture. Smith and Bond (1993)

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24
Q

Dehumanisation

A

Degrading people by lessening of their human qualities

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25
De-individuation
A state in which individuals have lower self-awareness and a weaker sense of personal responsibility for their actions
26
Phillip Zimbardo et al (1973)
Stanford Prison Experiment
27
Obedience
Complying with the demands of an authority figure
28
Milgram paradigm
Experimental procedure devised by Stanley Milgram for measuring obedience rates
29
Ethical considerations
Moral aspects of research that need to be taken into account before studies are conducted
30
Internal validity
The extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure
31
External validity
The extent to which conclusions can be generalised beyond the setting of a study
32
Androcentrism
A bis in psychological research in which a male perspective is over-emphasised at the expense of a female one
33
Stanley Milgram (1963)
Behavioural study of obedience
34
Charles Hofling et al (1966)
Fake doctor instructed 22 nurses to gives does off an unfamiliar drug to patients. 20mg (when box said 10mg max). 21 of 22 nurses attempted to administer the drug before being stoped
35
Orne and Holland (1968)
Internal validity of Milgram's study was poor, They say many of Milgrams participants knew shock was fake
36
Charles Sheridan and Richard King (1972)
j
37
Alex Haslam et al (2014)
j
38
Situational variables explanation
An external explanation that sees features of an environment affecting the degree to which individuals yield to authority figures
39
Proximity
The extent to which how aware individuals are of the consequences of their actions affects the degree to which they obey authority figures
40
Uniform
The extent to which the clothing worn by an authority figure affects the degree to which an individual will obey their commands
41
Location
The extent to which external setting affects the degree to which an individual will obey an authority figure
42
Leonard Bickman (1974)
j
43
Orne and Holland (1968)
Internal validity of Milgram's study was poor, They say many of Milgrams participants knew shock was fake
44
David Mandel (1998)
j
45
Autonomous state
Opposite side of the agent state, where individuals are seen as personally responsible for their actions
46
Agentic state
Individual may obey an order, perhaps to do something 'wrong', the individual hands over responsibility for the outcome of the action to authority figure.
47
Legitimacy of authority
The degree to which individuals are seen as justified in having power over others
48
Milgram (1974)
j
49
David Mandel (1998)
j
50
Wesley Kilham and Leon Mann (1974)
j
51
Steven Rank and Cardell Jacobson's (1977)
j
52
Dispositional explanations
An internal explanation that sees personal characteristics as affecting the degree to which individuals yield to authority figures
53
Authoritarian personality
Description of a person who holds rigid beliefs, is intolerant of ambiguity, submissive to authority and hostile to those of lower status or members of an out-group
54
Adorno et al (1950)
j
55
Elms and Milgram (1966)
j
56
Richard Christie and Marie Jahoda (1954)
j
57
Resistance to social influence
The ways in which individuals attempt to withstand perceived attempts to threaten freedom of choice
58
Social support
The perception of assistance and solidarity available from others
59
Locus of Control (LoC)
The extent to which individuals believe that they can control events in their lives
60
Reactance
Rebellious anger produced by attempt to restrict freedom of choice
61
Ironic deviance
The belief that other people's behaviour occurs because they have been told to do it lowers their informational influence
62
Status
An individual's social position within a hierarchical group
63
Systematic processing
Analysis based upon critical thinking
64
Morality
Decisions and behaviour based upon the perception of proper conduct
65
Personality
The combination of characteristics that forms an individuals distinctive nature
66
Julian Rotter (1966)
j
67
Asch (1955)
j
68
Susan Albercht et al (2006)
j
69
William Gamson et al (1982)
j
70
Charles Holland (1967)
j
71
Jean Twenge et al (2004)
j
72
Minority influence
A type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms
73
How minority influence works?
Consistency, Commitment and Flexability
74
Consistency
The idea that the more unchanging a minority is in its viewpoint, the more persuasive it will be in changing majority opinion
75
Commitment
The extent to which a minority group showing dedication to their opinion affects individuals' level of agreement with that opinion
76
Flexibility
The extent to which a minority group being prepared to slightly alter their opinion affects individuals' level of agreement with that opinion
77
Moscovici et al (1969)
Blue and Green slides
78
Wood et al (1994)
j
79
Martin et al (2003)
80
Social influence processes
81
Social change
The alteration of behaviour patterens and attitudes within a cultural grouping
82
Steps a minority social influence creates social change
Drawing attention, Consistency, Deeper processing, The augmentation principle, The snowball effect, Social cryptomnesia
83
Nolan et al (2008)
j
84
Foxcroft et al (2015)
j
85
Nemeth (2009)
j
86
Mackie (1987)
j
87
Bashir et al (2013)
j

A level - Psychology (8 decks)

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