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A level - Psychology > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

1
Q

Attachment

A

A two-way, enduring, emotional tie to a specific other person

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2
Q

Reciprocity

A

The interaction of similar behaviour patterns between carer and infant

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3
Q

Interactional synchrony

A

The co-ordinated rhythmic exchanges between carer and infant

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4
Q

Caregiver-infant interactions

A

The mutual exchanges between caregivers and infants that foster and maintain attachment bonds

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5
Q

Feldman and Eidelman (2007)

A

j

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6
Q

Finegood et al (2016)

A

j

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7
Q

Feldman (2012)

A

J

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8
Q

T. Berry Brazelton et al (1975)

A

j

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9
Q

Isabella et al (1989)

A

j

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10
Q

Meltzoff and Moore (1977)

A

j

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11
Q

Stages of attachment

A

The phases infants progress through to develop and maintain attachment bonds

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12
Q

Multiple attachments

A

The formation of emotional bonds with many carers

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13
Q

Separation protest

A

The level and degree of emotional destress shown by infants when apart from caregivers

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14
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The degree of distress shown by infants when in the presence of unfamiliar persons

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15
Q

Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

A

j

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16
Q

Role of the father

A

The extent to which father are able to function as caregivers and attachment figures in the development of infants

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17
Q

Sensitive responsiveness

A

Recognising and responding appropriately to infants needs

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18
Q

Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

A

j

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19
Q

Klaus Grossmann et al (2002)

A

j

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20
Q

Tiffany Field (1978)

A

j

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21
Q

McCallum and Golombok (2004)

A

j

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22
Q

Animal studies of attachment

A

Research conducted on animals that reveals insights into the origins and functions of attachment behaviour in humans

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23
Q

Imprinting

A

A form of attachment where offspring follow the first large moving object

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24
Q

Critical period

A

A time period in which imprinting must form, after which time it will not be possible for such attachments to form

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25
Sensitive period
A best time period within which attachments can form, though they still can form with more difficulty outside this period
26
Konrad Lorenz (1952)
j
27
Harry Harlow (1958)
j
28
Regolin and Vallortigara (1955)
j
29
David Howe (1998)
j
30
Learning theory
The belief that attachments develop through conditioning processes
31
Classical conditioning
The development of an attachment bond due to a caregiver becoming associated with the pleasure that feeding naturally brings
32
Operant conditioning
The development of an attachment bond to a caregiver through the provision of food becoming associated with the removal of the unpleasant sensation of hunger
33
Cupboard love theory
The belief that attachments are formed with people who feed infants
34
Dollard and Miller (1950)
j
35
Monotropic theory
The idea that infants have an inbuilt tendency to make an initial attachment with one attachment figure, usually the mother
36
Social releasers
Innate, infant social behaviours that stimulate adult interaction and caregiving
37
Critical period
Specific time period within which an attachment must form
38
Internal working model
A cognitive framework used to understand the world, self and others, that acts as a template for future relationships based on infant's primary attachment
39
Monotropy
An innate tendency to become attached to one particular adult
40
John Bowlby (1958)
j
41
Heidi Bailey et al (2007)
j
42
The Strange Situation
The accepted observational testing method for measuring attachment types
43
Secure attachment
Type of attachment characterised by infants being confident that a caregiver is available to meet their need and will act as a safe base and a source of comfort in times of distress
44
Insecure-avoidant attachment
Attachment characterised by low anxiety but weak attachment
45
Insecure-resistant attachment
Attachment characterised by strong attachment and high anxiety
46
Separation anxiety
The degree of distress shown by infants when parted from attachment figures
47
Mary Ainsworth et al (1978)
j
48
Ward et al (2006)
j
49
Hohanna Bick et al (2012)
j
50
Cultural variations in attachment
Differences in child-rearing practices and attachment types between different cultural groupings
51
Cross cultural studies
Comparison of findings from people of different cultures
52
Imposed etic
Using techniques that are only relevant to one culture to study and/or draw conclusions about another
53
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)
j
54
Alessandra Simonelli et al (2014)
j
55
Mi Kyoung Jin et al (2012)
j
56
Maternal deprivation hypothesis (MDH)
An explanation of the consequences of disrupting attachment bonds that sees serious, permanent damage to children's development as inevitable
57
Separation
Short-term disruption of an attachment bond
58
Deprivation
Long-term disruption of an attachment bond
59
Privation
Never having formed an attachment bond
60
Bowlby (1944)
j
61
William Goldfarb (1947)
j
62
Michael Rutter (1981)
j
63
Orphan studies
Research conducted on Romanian orphans adopted by British families, which assessed the degree to which the effects of privation and institutional care could be overcome
64
institutionalisation
A term for the effects of living in an institutional setting, referring to a hospital or orphanage
65
Michael Rutter (2011)
j
66
Charles Zeanah et al (2005)
j
67
Langton (2006)
j
68
Childhood relationships
Affiliations with other people in childhood, including friends and classmates and with adults such as teachers
69
Adult relationships
Those relationships the child goes on to have later in life as an adult
70
Internal working model
A mental representation of an individuals's relationship with their primary caregiver that becomes a template for future childhood and adult relationships
71
Continuity hypothesis
The idea that there is consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships
72
Wilson and Smith (1998)
j
73
Kerns (1994)
j
74
Hazan and Shaver (1987)
j
75
Fearon and Roisman (2017)
j

A level - Psychology (8 decks)

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