Psychopathology

Question 1

Abnormality

Answer 1

A psychological or behavioural state leading to impairment of interpersonal functioning and/or distress to others

Question 2

Statistical infrequency

Answer 2

A definition that sees abnormality as consisting of behaviours that are rare

Question 3

Deviation from social norms

Answer 3

A definition that sees abnormality as behaviour which violates accepted social rules

Question 4

Failure to function adequately

Answer 4

A definition that sees abnormality as an inability to cope with day-to-day living

Question 5

Deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 5

A definition that sees abnormality as a failure to meet the criteria for perfect psychological well-being

Question 6

Cultural relativism

Answer 6

The idea that beliefs, customs and attitudes exist only in relation to the particular culture from which they originate and do not necessarily relate to other cultures

Question 7

Self-actualisation

Answer 7

A state in which people are motivated to achieve their full potential

Question 8

Behavioural

Answer 8

Ways in which people act

Question 9

Emotional

Answer 9

Related to a person’s feelings or mood

Question 10

Cognitive

Answer 10

Refers to the process of ‘knowing’, including thinking, reasoning, remembering, believing

Question 11

Phobia

Answer 11

An irrational fear of an object or situation

Question 12

Depression

Answer 12

A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels

Question 13

OCD

Answer 13

A condition characterised by obsession and/or compulsive behaviour

Question 14

Behavioural approach

Answer 14

A theory that see phobias as acquired and maintained through environmental learning experiences via the two-process model

Question 15

Two-process model

Answer 15

The perception of phobias as acquired through classical conditioning and social learning, with their maintenance upheld through operant conditioing

Question 16

Cognitive explanation of phobias

Answer 16

A theory that perceives phobias as being due to maladaptive thought processes that cause individuals to over-focus upon anxiety-generating features of a stimulus

Question 17

Evolutionary explanation of phobias

Answer 17

A biological theory that sees phobias as occurring through a process of natural selection due to their adaptive survival value

Question 18

Orval Hobart Mowrer (1960)

Answer 18

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Question 19

Watson and Rayner (1920)

Answer 19

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Question 20

Ad De Jongh et al (2006)

Answer 20

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Question 21

Systematic desensitisation (SD)

Answer 21

A behavioural therapy for treating anxiety disorders in which the sufferer learns relaxation techniques and then faces a progressive’s hierarchy of exposure to the objects and situations that cause anxiety

Question 22

Flooding

Answer 22

A behavioural therapy used to remove phobias through direct confrontation of a feared object or situation

Question 23

Lisa Gilroy et al (2003)

Answer 23

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Question 24

Sarah Schumacher et al (2015)

Answer 24

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Question 25

Cognitive explanation of depression

Answer 25

A theory that perceives depression as determined through maladaptive thought processes

Question 26

Beck's negative triad

Answer 26

A model of the cognitive biases which are characteristic features of depression

Question 27

Ellis' ABC model

Answer 27

An explanation that sees depression occurring through three components of an activating agent, a belief and a consequence

Question 28

Depressed attributional style

Answer 28

A cognitive explanation of depression that sees depression as originating from individuals perceiving that negative events occur due to their personal failings

Question 29

Aaron Beck (1967)

Answer 29

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Question 30

Albert Ellis (1962)

Answer 30

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Question 31

Joseph Cohen et al (2019)

Answer 31

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Question 32

David et al (2018)

Answer 32

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Question 33

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)

Answer 33

A treatment that seeks to replace the irrational thought processes underpinning depression with more rational ones

Question 34

Irrational thoughts

Answer 34

Also called dysfunctional thoughts, are defined as thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person's happiness

Question 35

Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

Answer 35

A form of CBT for depression that seeks to replace negative self-statements with more positive ones

Question 36

Peter Sturmey (2005)

Answer 36

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Question 37

Lewis and Lewis (2016)

Answer 37

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Question 38

Shehzad Ali et al (2017)

Answer 38

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Question 39

Biological explanation of OCD

Answer 39

A theory that sees OCD as determined by physiological means, such as genetics, neurochemical imbalances or brain abnormalities

Question 40

Genetic explanation of OCD

Answer 40

The perception of OCD as transmitted through inherited factors

Question 41

Neural explanations of OCD

Answer 41

The perception of OCD as resulting from abnormality functioning brain mechanisms

Question 42

Aubrey Lewis (1936)

Answer 42

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Question 43

Steven Taylor (2013)

Answer 43

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Question 44

Nestadt et al (2010)

Answer 44

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Question 45

Kiara Cromer et al (2017)

Answer 45

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Question 46

Drug therapy for OCD

Answer 46

The treatment of OCD through chemical means

Question 47

SSRI definition

Answer 47

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 48

Types of SSRI's

Answer 48

Tricyclics - (clomipramine)

Question 49

SNRI's definition

Answer 49

Serotonin-Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

Question 50

G. Mustafa Soomero et al (2009)

Answer 50

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Question 51

Petros Skapinakis et al (2016)

Answer 51

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