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A level - Psychology > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormality

A

A psychological or behavioural state leading to impairment of interpersonal functioning and/or distress to others

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2
Q

Statistical infrequency

A

A definition that sees abnormality as consisting of behaviours that are rare

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3
Q

Deviation from social norms

A

A definition that sees abnormality as behaviour which violates accepted social rules

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4
Q

Failure to function adequately

A

A definition that sees abnormality as an inability to cope with day-to-day living

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5
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health

A

A definition that sees abnormality as a failure to meet the criteria for perfect psychological well-being

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6
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The idea that beliefs, customs and attitudes exist only in relation to the particular culture from which they originate and do not necessarily relate to other cultures

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7
Q

Self-actualisation

A

A state in which people are motivated to achieve their full potential

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8
Q

Behavioural

A

Ways in which people act

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9
Q

Emotional

A

Related to a person’s feelings or mood

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10
Q

Cognitive

A

Refers to the process of ‘knowing’, including thinking, reasoning, remembering, believing

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11
Q

Phobia

A

An irrational fear of an object or situation

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12
Q

Depression

A

A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels

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13
Q

OCD

A

A condition characterised by obsession and/or compulsive behaviour

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14
Q

Behavioural approach

A

A theory that see phobias as acquired and maintained through environmental learning experiences via the two-process model

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15
Q

Two-process model

A

The perception of phobias as acquired through classical conditioning and social learning, with their maintenance upheld through operant conditioing

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16
Q

Cognitive explanation of phobias

A

A theory that perceives phobias as being due to maladaptive thought processes that cause individuals to over-focus upon anxiety-generating features of a stimulus

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17
Q

Evolutionary explanation of phobias

A

A biological theory that sees phobias as occurring through a process of natural selection due to their adaptive survival value

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18
Q

Orval Hobart Mowrer (1960)

A

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19
Q

Watson and Rayner (1920)

A

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20
Q

Ad De Jongh et al (2006)

A

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21
Q

Systematic desensitisation (SD)

A

A behavioural therapy for treating anxiety disorders in which the sufferer learns relaxation techniques and then faces a progressive’s hierarchy of exposure to the objects and situations that cause anxiety

22
Q

Flooding

A

A behavioural therapy used to remove phobias through direct confrontation of a feared object or situation

23
Q

Lisa Gilroy et al (2003)

A

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24
Q

Sarah Schumacher et al (2015)

A

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25
Q

Cognitive explanation of depression

A

A theory that perceives depression as determined through maladaptive thought processes

26
Q

Beck’s negative triad

A

A model of the cognitive biases which are characteristic features of depression

27
Q

Ellis’ ABC model

A

An explanation that sees depression occurring through three components of an activating agent, a belief and a consequence

28
Q

Depressed attributional style

A

A cognitive explanation of depression that sees depression as originating from individuals perceiving that negative events occur due to their personal failings

29
Q

Aaron Beck (1967)

A

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30
Q

Albert Ellis (1962)

A

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31
Q

Joseph Cohen et al (2019)

A

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32
Q

David et al (2018)

A

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33
Q

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)

A

A treatment that seeks to replace the irrational thought processes underpinning depression with more rational ones

34
Q

Irrational thoughts

A

Also called dysfunctional thoughts, are defined as thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person’s happiness

35
Q

Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

A

A form of CBT for depression that seeks to replace negative self-statements with more positive ones

36
Q

Peter Sturmey (2005)

A

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37
Q

Lewis and Lewis (2016)

A

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38
Q

Shehzad Ali et al (2017)

A

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39
Q

Biological explanation of OCD

A

A theory that sees OCD as determined by physiological means, such as genetics, neurochemical imbalances or brain abnormalities

40
Q

Genetic explanation of OCD

A

The perception of OCD as transmitted through inherited factors

41
Q

Neural explanations of OCD

A

The perception of OCD as resulting from abnormality functioning brain mechanisms

42
Q

Aubrey Lewis (1936)

A

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43
Q

Steven Taylor (2013)

A

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44
Q

Nestadt et al (2010)

A

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45
Q

Kiara Cromer et al (2017)

A

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46
Q

Drug therapy for OCD

A

The treatment of OCD through chemical means

47
Q

SSRI definition

A

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

48
Q

Types of SSRI’s

A

Tricyclics - (clomipramine)

49
Q

SNRI’s definition

A

Serotonin-Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

50
Q

G. Mustafa Soomero et al (2009)

A

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51
Q

Petros Skapinakis et al (2016)

A

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A level - Psychology (8 decks)

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