Social Inequalities Flashcards
Define:
Social class
The division of society based on social, cultural, and economic capital
Statistics
Social inequalities in health
Source
- 20% of unemployed people during covid had suicidal thoughts
- 45% of unemployed people said that they were worried about having enough food to meet their basic needs
- Males in the most deprived areas lived 9.7 years less than in the least deprived
Office for National Statistics
Statistics:
Education to employment inequality
- Those from better off backgrounds are 50% more likely to go into professional jobs - Social Mobility Commission
- People from disadvantaged backgrounds earn 17% less than advantaged colleagues
- By age 6 there is a 14% gap in phonics attainment between those on and not on FSM
Define:
Income
The amount of money coming in to a person or household over a period of time
Statistics:
Income and wealth
+ Source
- In 2013 the poorest 5th of the population paid 37.4% of their income in tax - DWP
- In 2013 the richest 5th of the population paid 35.1% of their income in tax - DWP
- The richest 1% of the worlds population own 50% of the wealth - Credit Suisse
Forms of wealth
- Property
- Physical
- Financial
Age category with the highest wealth
(Source)
55-64
Birmingham Commission
Define:
Meritocracy
People succeed or fail in society based talent and hard work
Define:
Life chances
Having better opportunities in life than others
Define:
Absolute poverty
Not having access to the basic necessities for survival
Define:
Relative poverty
Recieving less than 50% of the median household income
Statistics:
Poverty
- 1/7 people in the uk face hunger
- There were 65,000 first time food bank users in 2023-4
Trussel Trust
Define:
Social mobility
Movement between different social strata
Define:
Intergenerational mobility
Social mobility between generations
Define:
Intragenerational mobility
Social mobility by an individual regardless of previous generations
Define:
Open society
Few barriers to upward social mobility
Define:
Closed society
Many barriers to upward social mobility
Statistics:
Social mobility
- Goldthorpe : Oxford mobility study
- Savage and Egerton: NCDS study
- Government policy and the social mobility and child poverty commission
Explain:
Goldthorpe: Oxford mobility study
- Study on social mobility of 10,000 men
- Increased upward social mobility after WWII
- More impact for middle class boys than working class
Explain:
Savage and Egerton: NCDS study
- Longitudinal survey of men and women born in 1958
- Increase in upward social mobility
- Not as common for working class individuals
Explain:
Government policy and the social mobility and child poverty commission
- Successfuly improved education in disadvantaged London schools
- Only successful in London
