Identity + Social Factors

Question 1

Define:

Ethnicity

Answer 1

The shared cultural background that groups have

Question 2

What is ethnicity made up of?

Answer 2

• Religion
• Language
• Shared norms + values
• Location

Question 3

What did Modood find?

Answer 3

• (1997) Afro-Caribbeans in the UK most likely to describe skin colour as part of their ethnicity.
• Religion central to Asian communities

Question 4

Define:

National Identity

Answer 4

The identity of a whole community

Question 5

Define:

Cultural homogenisation

Answer 5

Acceptance of global culture so all countries become similar

Question 6

Define:

Cultural Hybridity

Answer 6

Taking parts of both global and traditional culture to develop a hybrid culture

Question 7

Define:

Cultural resistance

Answer 7

Resists global culture and protect their cultural heritage

Question 8

Define:

Americanisation

Answer 8

Growing american culture spreading abroad

Question 9

Define:

Gender identity

Question 10

Name:

The 4 types of masculinity

Answer 10

• Hegemonic
• Complicit
• Marginalised
• Subordinate

Question 11

Define:

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 11

Macho, dominant, aggressive - stereotypical

Question 12

Define:

Complicit masculinity

Answer 12

Share roles with women, in touch with their emotions

Question 13

Define:

Marginalised masculinity

Answer 13

excluded from society due to homelessness, unemployment

Question 14

Define:

Subordinate masculinity

Answer 14

Camp, homosexual men

Question 15

Name:

The 4 ways that gender is taught

Ann Oakley (1974)

Answer 15

• Manipulation
• Canalisation
• Verbal apellations
• Different activities

Question 16

Define:

Manipulation

Answer 16

Encouraging stereotypical behaviour for a childs gender

Question 17

Define:

Canalisation

Answer 17

Parents channel interests + toys onto child based on gender

Question 18

Define:

Verbal apellations

Answer 18

Using nicknames based on the childs gender

Question 19

Define:

Different activities

Answer 19

encouraging a child to participate in gender stereotypical activities

Question 20

What did Billingham (1998) say?

Question 21

Define:

Genderquake

Answer 21

The roles of men and women have shifted dramatically

Question 22

Define:

Sexuality

Answer 22

Who you are attracted to physically and emotionally

Question 23

What did Weeks (1991) say?

Answer 23

Being homosexual is more complex than other aspects of identity

Question 24

What did Reiss (1961) study?

Answer 24

‘rent boys’, who do not identify as gay but have sex with other men for money

Question 25

What does Rich (1980) say?

Answer 25

• Womens sexuality has been oppressed
• Women are not inherently heterosexual

Question 26

Define:

Social class

Answer 26

A group who share the same social, cultural, and economic capital

Question 27

Define:

Economic capital

Answer 27

Money, income, wealth

Question 28

Define:

Cultural capital

Answer 28

Hobbies, past times, activities

Question 29

Define:

Social capital

Answer 29

People you know, networks

Question 30

Define:

Upper class

Answer 30

High cultural, social, and economic capital

Question 31

Define:

Middle class

Answer 31

Middling cultural, social, and economic capital, professional workers

Question 32

Define:

Working class

Answer 32

Low cultural, social, and economic capital, manual labourers

Question 33

Define:

Underclass

Answer 33

Out of work, dependent on state welfare

Question 34

Define:

Age

Answer 34

The length of time that someone has lived

Question 35

Define:

Disability

Answer 35

Physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term negative impact on the ability to do normal daily activities

Question 36

Name:

The 5 age groups

Answer 36

• Childhood
• Youth
• Young adulthood
• Middle age
• Old age

Question 37

Name:

The key thinker for childhood

Answer 37

• Postman (1984)
• Childhood emerged to protect children from adult concepts

Question 38

Name:

The key thinker for youth

Answer 38

• Margret Mead (1928)
• Youths stresses are relative and depend on culture

Question 39

Name:

The key thinker for middle age

Answer 39

• Bradley (1996)
• Middle age has the highest status and wealth

Question 40

Name:

The key thinker for old age

Answer 40

• Corner (1999)
• Old people view themselves negatively - media stereotypes

Question 41

Name:

The key thinker for disability

Answer 41

Tom Shakespeare

Question 42

Name:

The two models of disability

Answer 42

• Medical
• Social

Question 43

Define:

The medical model

Answer 43

Blame the person for their disability

Question 44

Define:

The social model

Answer 44

Blame society for not accomodating disabilities

Question 45

Name:

The issues with labelling

Answer 45

• Master status
• Learned helplessness

Question 46

Define:

Master status

Answer 46

People see the disability before the person

Question 47

Define:

Learned helplessness

Answer 47

The individual feels that they are not able and so will not try