Social identity theory and self‐categorization theory: A historical review Flashcards
What is the focus of Social Identity Theory (SIT)?
Social Identity Theory (SIT) focuses on how individuals derive part of their self-concept from the social groups they belong to, and how this influences intergroup behavior, including prejudice, discrimination, and in-group favoritism.
Who developed Social Identity Theory (SIT)?
Social Identity Theory was developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s.
What is the core idea of Social Identity Theory (SIT)?
The core idea of SIT is that people categorize themselves into social groups (e.g., gender, race, nationality), and these group memberships contribute significantly to their identity and self-esteem.
What is in-group favoritism in SIT?
In-group favoritism refers to the tendency to favor one’s own group over outgroups. This can manifest in positive bias, preferential treatment, and the perception of the in-group as superior.
What is intergroup discrimination?
Intergroup discrimination occurs when individuals show bias or unfair treatment toward members of outgroups, often as a result of in-group favoritism or competition for resources
How does self-esteem relate to Social Identity Theory?
According to SIT, people’s self-esteem is linked to the status of their social group. If the group is perceived as high status, it enhances individual self-esteem; if the group is low-status, it can lower self-esteem.
What is the minimal group paradigm in SIT?
The minimal group paradigm is an experimental method where participants are arbitrarily assigned to groups, yet they still show favoritism toward their in-group, demonstrating the power of social categorization.
What is the self-categorization theory (SCT)?
Self-Categorization Theory (SCT), developed by John Turner and others, is a more cognitive extension of SIT that focuses on how individuals categorize themselves and others into social categories, shaping self-concept and behavior.
How does self-categorization theory (SCT) differ from social identity theory (SIT)?
While SIT focuses on the importance of social groups for identity, SCT emphasizes how people categorize themselves at various levels (e.g., personal, social, or group identity) and how these categories influence behavior.
What is the role of self-categorization in group behavior?
Self-categorization influences behavior by defining the individual’s role within a group and how they interact with members of in-groups and out-groups. It helps individuals understand their group membership and responsibilities.
What is the concept of depersonalization in SCT?
Depersonalization occurs when individuals perceive themselves and others as interchangeable members of a group, losing individuality in favor of group identity. This can enhance group solidarity but also lead to negative intergroup behavior.
What is social mobility in the context of Social Identity Theory?
Social mobility refers to the possibility of individuals changing their group membership or status to improve their position, often by moving to a higher-status group.
What is social creativity in SIT?
Social creativity is a strategy in which low-status groups redefine their identity to emphasize positive aspects of their group, in an attempt to improve their social standing without changing group membership.
What is social competition in SIT?
Social competition is when low-status groups engage in direct competition with high-status groups to challenge the status quo and improve their group’s standing.
What is the concept of entitativity in SCT?
Entitativity refers to the degree to which a group is perceived as a cohesive, unified entity. High entitativity groups are seen as strong, close-knit, and distinct from other groups.
