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individuals and groups [1st year] > Freud > Flashcards

Freud Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 aspects of personality according to freud

A
  1. id
  2. ego
  3. superego
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2
Q

what is the id

A
  • pleasure seeking, species serving
  • from birth, impulsive, to explore
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3
Q

what is the ego

A
  • reality seeking, self- serving
  • self aware, enviro affects you,
  • become increasingly aware of your relationship to the world, tries to control the ID
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4
Q

what is the superego

A
  • perfection seeking, society-serving
  • you learn ideals presented by society [a women should be X, a man should be Y]
  • influenced by parents, become ‘best’ societal person
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5
Q

what is the topographical model

A
  1. conscious
  2. preconscious
  3. unconscious
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6
Q

what is the conscious

A

the current state of awareness eg whats going on now

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7
Q

what is the preconscious

A

easily accessible

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8
Q

what is the unconscious

A

operating and affecting us and our exp. of the world but we can’t access it — things that happen prior to development of LTM that can affect our growth/devolpment

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9
Q

what does freud believe about energy and where it stems from

A

energy can’t be created or destroyed

energy stems from instinct

  • states of excitement [tension]
  • located at various centres in the body
  • according to stages of development
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10
Q

what is trauma according to freud

A

occurs when instinct expression is [or is threatened to be] harmful to the self — **trauma is the thing we find threatening **

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11
Q

what is anxiety according to freud

A

reminders of previous trauma, OR things that we fear as can cause harm

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12
Q

what is primary repression according freud

A
  • unwanted material is blocked or disguised before reaching [conscious] awareness
  • it may ‘leak’ into consciousness in disguised ways
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13
Q

what is After-explusion/Repression proper according freud

A
  • unwanted material detected is and blocked or disguised [with various degrees of success]
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14
Q

how does repression rank

A

repression ranked from **mature and adaptive **[altruism, humour] to pathological [psychotic denial, delusional projection]

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15
Q

what is freudian denial

A

engaging in a potentially ego-threatening experience or behaviour without conscious awareness of doing so:

  1. no threat experienced
  2. HONEST denial of experience —— a genuine belief in what you’re saying despite being untrue
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16
Q

splitting and projecting

FREUD

A

threatening experiences [thoughts, feelings, actions] are ‘split’ from the ego and seen as located in and coming from ‘bad’ people —
* *eg obsessed with sex but find it ‘bad’, you may view the world as divided amongst sex obsesses and not *

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17
Q

freudian rationalisation

A

Real but ego-threatening reasons for action or experience are not recognised and are replaced by apparently rational (therefore ego-enhancing) ones

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18
Q

freudian displacement

A

Impulses that are ego-threatening are not recognised and are re-directed to less threatening targets

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19
Q

what is altruism [when used an a defence mechanism]

A

When used as a defence mechanism, people seek “pleasure from giving to others what people would themselves like to receive”

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20
Q

types of altrusim

Pseudoaltruism

A

Aggressive (sadomasochistic) drives from ‘scary’ feelings (e.g., envy, inadequacy) and/or a harsh superego result in defensive ‘altruism’

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21
Q

types of altrusim

Psychotic altruism

A

Anxieties promote neurotic drives to (often delusional) self-perceptions of serving others

22
Q

types of altrusim

Protoaltruism

A

Instinctive, biological, e.g., parental nurturing

23
Q

types of altrusim

Generative altruism

A

Non-defensive taking pleasure in helping and/or enjoying others’ improved welfare

24
Q

types of altrusim

Conflicted altruism

A

Altruism which is both generative and a defence against anxiety

25
Q

what does freud believe about the Psycho-‘sexual’ stages

A

different areas of the body are important at diff stages — we’re born with a ball of energy that’s relevant at different stages e.g oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

these are erogenous zones; primary sites of energy and instinct satisfication or frustration, leading to pleasure or pain E.G
- pain
- anxiety
- frustration

26
Q

when is the oral stage

A

0-1

27
Q

what is the oral stage

A

initially ‘all id’

erongenous zone = mouth
- sucking
- feeling
- tasting
- biting

mother as original ‘love object’ —— love object is the thing child likes OR gets love/comfort from
key ‘task’ = weaning

key lesson in this stage = trust in self and world

have no experience of time and experience ‘time’ through food , eg gaps in between feeding + can’t separate self from mother

28
Q

what is the anal stage

A

erongenous stage = anus

  • passing OR withholding [and playing with] poo

parents as key sources of pleasure or pain in response to the infants actions

key task = toilet training — learns compromise between what I want and whats socially appropriate

key lesson = control

  • anally retentive
  • anally expulsive
29
Q

when is the anal stage

A

1-3

30
Q

when is the phallic stage

A

3-5

31
Q

what is the phallic stage

A

erogenous zone = genitals

  • physical and intellectual stimulation

the original ‘love triangle’

key task = resolution of the Oedipus complex — castration anxiety !!

key lessons = sexual and gender orientation

kid eventually recognises DAD as an ally [men together] and finds a mum ‘replacement’

32
Q

what is the latency stage

A

repressed libidinal energy

no special erogenous zones

key task = social interaction outside fam

  • what helps us function within society
33
Q

when is the latency stage

A

6-12

34
Q

what is the genital stage

A

erogenous zone = genitals

  • now genuinely sexualised

key task = establishing family

key lesson = identity

35
Q

what is the personality the result of according to freud

A

personality and behaviour are the result of interplay between the expression and inhibition of instincts

  • instincts are universal, but forms of instant expression and inhibition vary developmentally, situationally, and culturally

we all have desire to have pleasure and avoid pain BUT were all raised differently - despite sharing these aims we may not act all the same, so culture differences, age difference

36
Q

what does freud say about personality development

A

As a person moves through the psychosocial stages, social (usually parental) rewards and punishments for particular forms of instinct expression change

  • If social treatment is experienced as too harsh (anxiety-evoking) or too comfortable, ‘habitual’ forms of instinct expression can get locked in an immature stage fixation/arrested development) or returned to (regression)
37
Q

how does experience affect personality

A
  • the ID is what it is [human nature and ind. differences]
  • the superego can be harsh [perfectionist and unforgiving] or compassionately liberal and autonomy-supportive
  • the ego can be quashed or supported in growth

ultimately its down to the ego

38
Q

ego strength

what happens when the ego is well adjusted

A

When well-adjusted, the ego can satisfy the needs of the id, thesuperego, and reality. (Resilient Personality)

39
Q

what happens when the id is too strong

A

id is too strong, wanton self-gratification rules. (Under-controlled)

40
Q

what happens when the superego is too strong

A

If the superego is too strong, the person is rigidly judgemental.(Over-controlled)

41
Q

what are the two outcome of the oral stage

A
  1. Oral incorporative [over-indulged]
  2. Oral Aggressive [under-indulged]
42
Q

Oral incorporative [over-indulged]

A
  1. Optimistic
  2. Gullible
  3. ‘Swallow anything’
  4. ‘Sweet’
43
Q

Oral Aggressive [under-indulged]

A
  1. Pessimistic
  2. Suspicious
  3. ‘Biting Remarks’
  4. ‘Bitter’
44
Q

what is the anal triad

A

Co-occurring traits relating to:

  1. orderliness
  2. Obstinacy
  3. Parsimony/miserliness
45
Q

what is anal retentive

A

ppl who are anal rententives are ‘rigid’ [’tight’ and ‘clenched’] and ‘over-controlled’

  • they tend to be stingy, punctilious, meticulous, prissy, ‘up-tight’, perfectionist, inflexible, risk-averse, and rule-loving
46
Q

what is anal expulsive

A

They are:

  • sadistic
  • under-controlled

They tend towards:

  • expansiveness
  • messiness
  • vagueness
  • dismissiveness
  • carelessness
  • disorganization
  • rebelliousness
  • [maybe even] cruelty
47
Q

what is the ego culture

A

trying to satisfy own sensory needs in a way may inhibit/offend other people

  • one person’s instinct expression can trigger others anxieties
  • ppl therefore attempt to control others’ instinct expressions, thereby causing trauma
  • society codifies such processes
48
Q

key parts of freud

A
  • Much motivation and self-regulation occurs outside conscious awareness. Much may not be subjectively accessible even with efforts
  • Psychological processes occur in parallel, not in series. Parallel processes can conflict
  • Repeated or prolonged social interaction entails frustration and anxiety. Social regulation at best manages this
  • Many traits are formed in infancy —— Freud essentially claims we’re molded as a person 12 and under, so events after are almost of a minor significance
49
Q

negatives about freud

A

methodologically suspect derivation

  • Freud dominated
  • small, biased sample analysed subjectively/with bias

Hard to test, perhaps unfalsifiable

  • lack of definitional clarity
  • explain everything, predict nothing
50
Q

positives about freud

A

Comprehensive

  • cognitive, motivational, affective, behaviour, etc
  • individual [personality, developmental], intraindividual [biological, cognitive], and social [interpersonal and societal

Parsimonious

  • essentially stemming from Eros [necessarily in society]

Enduring and generative - despite hostility

individuals and groups [1st year] (8 decks)

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