Self-esteem: Nature, origins, and consequences. Flashcards
What is self-esteem?
Self-esteem refers to an individual’s overall evaluation of their worth or value. It involves feelings of self-acceptance and self-respect.
What are the two main components of self-esteem?
Trait self-esteem: General feelings of self-worth that persist across situations.
State self-esteem: Temporary feelings of self-worth that fluctuate depending on context or specific situations.
What is the Sociometer Theory of self-esteem?
ccording to Sociometer Theory, self-esteem functions as a monitor of social acceptance. High self-esteem signals acceptance, while low self-esteem signals potential rejection.
What role does social comparison play in self-esteem?
Social comparison involves evaluating oneself against others. Upward comparisons (comparing to those perceived as superior) can lower self-esteem, while downward comparisons (comparing to those perceived as inferior) can boost it.
What is self-esteem regulation?
Self-esteem regulation refers to how individuals manage their self-esteem, especially in response to feedback or social situations, in order to maintain or restore positive self-regard.
How do people maintain self-esteem?
People often engage in self-serving biases, such as taking credit for successes but attributing failures to external factors. This helps preserve self-esteem by protecting against negative feedback.
What is the self-enhancement effect?
Self-enhancement refers to the tendency to view oneself in an overly positive light and to seek positive feedback that boosts self-esteem.
How do self-esteem and social identity relate?
People derive self-esteem not just from personal achievements, but also from group memberships (e.g., national, ethnic, or social groups). In-group bias can increase self-esteem through identification with valued groups.
What is the importance of self-esteem in well-being?
High self-esteem is associated with greater well-being and mental health. It can lead to increased resilience, better coping strategies, and a more positive outlook on life.
How does self-esteem affect interpersonal behavior?
High self-esteem can promote confidence and assertiveness, while low self-esteem can lead to avoidance, defensiveness, or excessive dependence on others.
What is the dark side of high self-esteem?
While high self-esteem can be beneficial, excessive self-esteem or narcissism can lead to arrogance, entitlement, and interpersonal problems, often stemming from a need for admiration and validation.
How does self-esteem develop?
Self-esteem develops through early social interactions, particularly the feedback and validation individuals receive from significant others (parents, peers, and society).
What is contingent self-esteem?
Contingent self-esteem occurs when an individual’s self-worth is based on meeting certain conditions or standards (e.g., academic success, attractiveness). This can make self-esteem more vulnerable to fluctuations.
How do achievement and success impact self-esteem?
Success and achievement boost self-esteem, especially when they align with personally important values or self-concept. Failure can diminish self-esteem, particularly when it challenges these values.
What is narcissism and how does it relate to self-esteem?
Narcissism refers to excessive self-love and a need for admiration. It’s linked to fragile high self-esteem, where individuals protect their ego through defensive behaviors and self-importance.
