Social Groups

Question 1

what did Anna-Brita Stenstrom found

x8

Answer 1

common teen talk features
1. multiple negation
2. slang
3. taboo lang
4. irregular turn taking
5. ain’t
6. non standard articulation and pronounciation
7. left out auxilary verbs
8. mix of lang form other cultures

Question 2

Penelope Eckert about teens speak

Answer 2

said that their slang used to set them off from older generation
it signals coolness, thoughness, attitude

they use a lot of ‘like’ and ‘okey’
multiple negation

Question 3

Ignacio Palacio Martinez also about teens speak

Answer 3

also found lots of negations, but thought it is due to teens are being more direct, while adults are too worried about threatening speaker’s face

Question 4

Christopher Odato children+adults

Answer 4

found that children as young as 4 using ‘like’ which shows it is not related to age, as they are probably coppying their parents. means adults also use a lot of ‘like’ word

Question 5

david crystal of limited vocab in teens and text speak

Answer 5

only 10% of test speak is abriviated, and many abriviations are older then we think, so they even werent made by teens of current generation.
children know how to spell the word with letters left out.
Vocab of a young child - several thousands
Vocab of a Sixth former - at least 20 000 words

Question 6

Clare Wood on texting and teens

Answer 6

texting actually helps children practise to write and to read
those who text more are generally more have a better literacy

Question 7

Department of Education found…

abput teens and text speak

Answer 7

found that the fact children use texting has no correlation with their written development

Question 8

Gary Ives

teens and text

Answer 8

did a study on Instagram and found that it is actually not teens who use abriviation the most - but younger children age 8 to 11

Question 9

what does technology???

Answer 9

its helping to ensure teens write out words in text

Question 10

Don Zimmerman
what influences teen language?

Answer 10

• media
• new means of coomunication
• music
• street art

Question 11

Vivian de Klerk’s final conclusion on teen speak

x5

Answer 11

1. have the freedom to chnage linguistic norms
2. seek to establish new identities and be different
3. patterns that were taken from parents, changing to patterns from their peer groups
4. want to be up-to-date and fashionable
5. need to belong to a group to be different form their parents

Question 12

Gary Ives

study on Ethnicity

Answer 12

Bradford students of Pakistani origins
were born in the uk, but not natives
spoke fluent Punjabi
diffentiate form true immigrants by calling them Freshies
Consciously chose to speak a mix of English and Punjabi to diverge form immigrants or native speakers
Exclusive group with Covert prestige for that
bonded as their own social group

Question 13

what is Polari

Answer 13

language used mainly be gay men.
in london
in the time when it was illegal 1930 - 1970

Question 14

Paul Baker on Polari

whats it made up off

Answer 14

it is an anti-language
secrete code, made up words, influenced by Italian, Occitan, American forces slang
passed orally, never through writing
has around 500 words, though users usually use less.
peppered language with it so they can use to other gays without being caught

Question 15

what polari words made it to mainstream

Answer 15

naff - awful
camp - outrageous
bevvy - drink

Question 16

when Polari hits the media bbc and with what?

Answer 16

1960
sradio show “round the horn’’
featuring two polari speakers
by then it was more or less legal so language faded

Question 17

what we have today?

Answer 17

pronoun Mx for non gender specifity
pronoun Ms - for not specifying merital status of a woman
in Swedish - Hen is gender neutral pronoun
pronoun They singular for not specifying gender (it was also used as singlural by Shakesperare)