Social Developments 1924-28 Young and Jewish people Flashcards
What was education like?
.One of the best education systems.
.Gymnasium schools - 9 years classical education to prepare for uni - mainly middle/upper class.
.Reaschule - 6 years leading to apprenticeships and mostly working class.
.Divided along class and religious lines - Church own religious education schools.
.Less apprenticeships and more youth unemployment.
What was the impact of education?
.1525/6 - 17% of unemployed were 14-21.
.Benefit system - day centres.
.Many joined gangs - adventure, comradeship, purpose and support.
.Education Reformers partially successful - elementary schools - 4 years then do exams - gymnasium exams and if successful 4 more years.
.Didn’t remove religious influence.
What were the Youth Cliques like?
.Prevalent in working-class districts in large cities.
.Hamburg - Farmer’s Fear, Death Defiers, Red Apaches, Eagle’s Claw, Tartar’s Blood.
.Tough, aggressive, masculine, antisocial.
.Met at bars as alcohol part of sub-culture and had own districts.
.Initiation tests - vandalism/ stealing and uniform/flag.
What were the Wandervogel?
.Wandering birds youth group - 1896 by Berlin teacher.
.Mainly middle class boys.
.Non political but very nationalist - hated industrialisation and big cities.
.Hiked, swam, camped.
.Freedom vegetarianism and nudism - reject middle class values.
What were the Church Youth groups?
.Catholic - many aimed at different young society sections.
.1919 - New Germany - middle class.
.Protestant not seen as a high priority so less members than Catholic groups.
.Promoted religious observance and respecting family, school and Church.
What were the political youth groups?
.SPD - 1925 - most members.
.KPD - 1925 - Young Communist League, children of KPD members.
.DNVP - 1922 - Bismarck Youth - middle/upper protestant and working Berlin.
.Nazi - 1920 - Hitler Youth - grew slowly and support lack. 1929 - only 13,000.
What was the background on Jews?
.Over half a million.
.80% (400,000) in cities and well-educated.
.Patriotic and integrated/accepted.
.Ant-semitism in the right/nationalist groups.
.Hostile in economically difficult times.
Why were Christians hostile to Jews?
.Believe they murdered Jesus - condemned in Church (actually Romans).
.Refused to join Reformed Church - burned buildings and took their prayer books.
.Unwilling to accept God’s words, Plague, Devil associates.
How did this come to 19th century Germany?
.Embedded anti-semitism.
.Manipulating Christians - rule world, fake Russian propaganda.
.Seen as a race - dangerous, Jewish blood.
.Separate race - racial science.
How did social factors contribute to this?
.Rise of Hitler/Nazis - boycott businesses.
.Exclusion/separation.
.Scapegoat - War and Treaty of Versailles.
.Take over world - translated everywhere - involved with Bolshevism.
.Blame game.
How did WW1 contribute?
.War and Hyperinflation.
.Blamed for failure - signed Treaty etc.
.Members of government.
What facts are there showing Jewish integration?
.Berliner Taggeblatt and Frankfurter Zeitung - publishing firms - liberal.
.Books, music, directors, newspapers, producers.
.Wolff - BT editor - DDP.
.Rathenau - 1922 Foreign Minister and DDP.
.SPD/KOD - Haase, Fisner, Luxemburge.
.1927 - Rathenau - AEG.
.Coal, steel, electrical firms.
.50% private banks owned.
.Over 1/2 cloth trade firms.
.16% lawyers and 11% doctors.
.1930 - over 1/2 doctors and 1835/3400 lawyers.
.1938 - 24% Nobel Prizes.
.Einstein.
.Late 1920s - assimilation.
.1924-30 - less anti-semitism as economic recovery increased.
What facts show Jewish intolerance?
.Jewish Bolshevism - propaganda against left.
.Influence and wealth exaggerated.
.1920s - only 18% banks.
.Many converted.
.Still identified as alien.
.Spartacus Uprising and Eisner in Munich.
.Anti-semitism part of violent nationalism - Freikorps and 1920 NSDAP.
.1923 - hostile to financers.
.Opposition to influence.
.Accusations to bankers/businessmen - exploitation and corruption.
