Social Determinants of Health Flashcards
What is a determinant?
A determining factor or agent
What is the definition of determine?
To fix or decide causally
In the majority of conditions what are most causal factors actually seen as?
Contributory factors
What is necessary cause?
Presence of causal factor is required for the occurrence of the event. The event may not occur though
What is sufficient cause?
A factor who’s presence leads to an effect. Exposure alone would induce the outcome but other exposures may induce the same outcome. The event may not occur though
What are the 4 categories relating to sufficient and necessary cause?
- Both necessary and sufficient
- Necessary but not sufficient
- Sufficient but not necessary
- Neither necessary nor sufficient
What is the necessary cause of malaria?
Parasitic protist; plasmodium
How is malaria transmitted?
By female anopheles mosquito
What increases the chance of acquiring malaria?
No ITN protection (net)
Not spraying insecticide
Pregnancy
Age
What are some genetic protective factors against malaria?
Natural genetic resistance
Sickle cell anaemia
Thalassaemia
What are the economic and geographical limiting factors associated with malaria?
Economic
Income governs if you can get help or if you are educated enough to know when to seek help
ITNs and sprays are expensive for the poor
Social
Where do you live? Is there a healthcare centre near you? Do you have dependants that can’t be left alone etc
What is the explanation for why variation in health states exists between and within societies?
The individual determinants are not equally distributed
What approximate percentage can the variance in health status be attributed to individuals are necessary causality|?
25%
Which order do the following rank in, from greatest to least influence, on acquiring disease?
SOCIETAL CHARACTERISTICS
HEALTH BEHAVIOURS
MEDICAL CARE
GENETICS
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
HEALTH BEHAVIOURS
MEDICAL CARE
GENETICS
What is the link between life expectancy and deprivation between men and women?
Women from more deprived groups have the same amount of healthy life expectancy as men from higher social groups
What is the link between incidence of dementia and sex?
Women have any increased risk of dementia past the age of 80 compared to men
What is the relationship between having a long term illness and education status?
The likelihood of having a long term illness in your 40s increases as your highest educational attainment decreases
What is the relationship between cognitive ability across life and socioeconomic status?
Less smart kids from high status families eventually outperform the more smart kids from low status families
What is the link between socio-economic status and you parents careers?
Socioeconomic status is governed by your job
Your job is governed by your educational attainment
Educational attainment is largely dependant on what your parents did
What is the link between mental disorder and income?
Children from poorer households have an increased likelihood of mental disorders
Which of the following, smoking or drinking, has a clear social gradient between men and women?
Smoking
What is a main contribution to the growing phenomena of food deserts?
The rise of large out of town supermarkets
What is the relationship between meningococcal disease and deprivation?
Increased risk of meningococcal disease in areas of greater deprivation
What is the general meaning of ‘inequalities in health?’
Variation in health status, life expectancy, mortality and morbidity between different groups
Systemic differences in health that are judged to be avoidable by reasonable action
Unjust distribution of health and healthcare services
