Promotion and Health

Question 1

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

Question 2

What are the 5 points in the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 2

Building healthy public policy
Creating supportive environments
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Re-orienting health care services toward prevention of illness and promotion of health

Question 3

What are the key states in strengthening community action?

Answer 3

Inform
Consult
Involve
Collaborate
Empower

Question 4

What are the 5 approaches to health promotion?

Answer 4

Medical or preventive
Behaviour Change
Educational
Empowerment
Social Change

Question 5

What are the three prevention levels in a medical approach?

Answer 5

Primary Prevention - tertiary prevention

Question 6

What are some disadvantages of a medical approach to promoting health?

Answer 6

Paternalistic approach

Ignores social determinants of health

Question 7

What does the behavioural approach to change focus on?

Answer 7

The individuals attitudes, behaviour and responsibility

Question 8

What are some disadvantages of a behavioural approach to change?

Answer 8

Success is dependant on the individual

Ignores the social determinants of health

Question 9

What does the educational approach to change focus on?

Answer 9

Providing information, knowledge and skills to individuals so they have an informed choice

Question 10

What are some disadvantages of the educational approach?

Answer 10

Relies on the individual to make the right choice

Very little focus on social determinants of health

Question 11

How does the empowerment approach work?

Answer 11

Empowers individuals to make healthier choices

Question 12

How does the social change approach work?

Answer 12

Aim to change society rather than individuals

Question 13

What are the key objectives of health promotion?

Answer 13

Prevent disease
Inform
Enhance skills
Change policy and environment

Question 14

What are some problems in evaluating health intervention programs?

Answer 14

Outcomes are not easily measured or defined

Different stakeholders and staff members may have different goals

Difficult to control external influence

Question 15

What is the aim of marketing?

Answer 15

Increase commercial sales

Question 16

What is the aim of social marketing?

Answer 16

Address a lack of knowledge

Question 17

What is the aim of the social norms approach?

Answer 17

To address misperceptions of the norm

Question 18

What is the harm in exaggerating the problem?

Answer 18

Leads to false ‘social norming’ i.e. everyone thinks everyone is doing it so they should to

Question 19

What are the steps in the social norm approach?

Answer 19

Preparation
Data collection
Data analysis
Intervention
Follow-Up
Evaluation

Question 20

What are some of the challenges with social norm approach?

Answer 20

Integrating the approach into a mixed intervention