SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Question 1

Determinants of Health:

Answer 1

is a factor or characteristic that bring about a change in health, either for better or for worst

Question 2

The Social Facts Report: Marmot and Wilkinson

Answer 2

Behavioural factors that affects peoples health

Data from rich developed countries served as the information source for the Solid Facts report.

Question 3

Social gradient:

Answer 3

(social ladder) Poor social and economical circumstances affect health throughout life.

Question 4

Transportation:

Answer 4

less driving and more walking and cycling + better public transport

Question 5

Food:

Answer 5

because global market forces control the food supply healthy food is a political issue.
Shortage of food/ excess intake

Question 6

Addiction:

Answer 6

people turn to alcohol drugs and Tabaco to numb the pain of harsh economical and social conditions

Question 7

Stress:

Answer 7

social and psychological circumstances can cause long term stress.

Question 8

Social support:

Answer 8

social support and good social relations make an important contribution to health

Question 9

Unemployment:

Answer 9

both in psychological consequences and financial problems it brings especially debt.

Question 10

Work:

Answer 10

Stress in the work place increases the risk of disease.

Little opportunity/ inadequate rewards

Question 11

Social exclusion:

Answer 11

absolutely poverty – lack of the basic material necessities of life, continue to exist even in the riches countries of Europe.

Social exclusion also results from racism, discrimination, stigmatization, hostility, and unemployment.

Question 12

Early life:

Answer 12

foundations of adult health are laid in early childhood and before birth.

Question 13

Determinants (Indigenous perspectives)

Answer 13

• History of health •
 Racism and marginalisation 
• Poverty
 • Social class
 • Education
 • Training
 • Control over own health
 • Powerlessness
 • Employment 
• Place • Income
 • Incarceration and the justice system
 • Housing and infrastructure 
• Family separation 
• Land and conciliation

Question 14

Proximal Determinants:

Answer 14

are also referred to downstream factors, it refers to any determinant of health that is readily and directly associated with the change in health status.
Proximal: Direct influence on health at the micro or macro level (downstream). Includes lifestyle and behavioural factors.

Question 15

Distal Determinants:

Answer 15

are also referred to as upstream (macro) factors. Is one that is distant either in time or place from the change in health status.
Distal: Indirect influence on health at the macro level (upstream). Includes policies and laws.

Question 16

Absolute’ poverty

Answer 16

:a lack of the basic material necessities of life refers to living below the ‘poverty line’

Question 17

relative’ poverty:

Answer 17

‘being much poorer than most people in a society.
In the UK relatively poverty is when peole lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate I activities and have a living conditions and amenities which are customary. Encouraged by the society.