ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Question 1

Mandala four influences on the health of the individual and their family

Answer 1

Human biology
Personal behaviour
Psychosocial environment
Physical environment

Question 2

Traditional threats

Answer 2

underdevelopment (poor housing, inadequate water quality and the absence of sanitation

Question 3

Modern threats:

Answer 3

over consumption and pollution associated with unsustainable underdevelopment.

Question 4

Infections diseases:

Answer 4

physical and socio cultural environment

• Global warming, globalisation and increase population morbidity, international travel, movement of food and other commodities.
• Rising temperatures have also been linked to an expansion of the transmission areas of vector-borne infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
• 40% of todays infectious disease have emerged as new threats to human health during the space of just one generation.

Question 5

KEY DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Answer 5

1)How we generate energy:

Mining and burning coal releases:
Nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide – Particulate pollution – Mercury

2)How we design our community:

Built environment and how we spend our time are contributing to increasing levels of overweight, obesity, and associated chronic diseases in Australia and internationally.

• ‘Obesogenic’ environments
• Impacts on high quality agricultural land
• Increased car dependency
• Energy inefficient
• Contributes to mental health problems

3) How we move around:
Reliance on oil
Dependence on car
Reliance on petrochemicals

4) Consumption:
We are bombarded by the idea that we need more technology, bigger houses, alcohol.
*Australia produce over 60.000 tonners of electronic waste each year.
*increase metal health problems

Question 6

The biophilia hypothesis suggests that

Answer 6

Humans are dependent psychologically on nature

Contact with nature= wilderness therapy, help them know themselves in ways they would have never contemplated.

Question 7

Peak oil’

Answer 7

is the point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline.

Question 8

Sustainability factors:

Answer 8

Lack of transport in area (PT, walking infrastructure). No/minimal local shops with relevant services (supporting localisation), lack of sustainable/local/culturally appropriate food – hard to get to. Housing is poor (energy inefficient – lack of ventilation, oriented incorrectly, no eaves, black rooves, lack of vegetation), lack of space to grow food. Lack of vegetation in suburbs creating heat island effect, uncomfortable to walk to shops etc.