Social Cultural Foundations Flashcards
1
Q
Counterculture
A
- when a group of persons oppose the values of the culture
2
Q
Culture Epoch
A
- which suggests that in all cultures children pass through the same stages
3
Q
Durkheim
A
- founder of modern sociology
- rules of sociological method
4
Q
Mcdougal
A
- father of Hormic Psychology
- suggests that individuals in or out of groups are driven by innate, inherited tendencies
5
Q
Lorenz and Freud
A
- believed that aggression is necessary for survival
6
Q
Bandura
A
- social learning theory
- noted that children who viewed live or filmed aggression imitated the behavior
7
Q
Proxemics
A
- related to the person space, interpersonal distance, and territorial
8
Q
Propinquity
A
- people who are attracted to each other due to close proximity e.g, job, or apartment
9
Q
Factors that enhance interpersonal attraction
A
- CPS
- close proximity
- Physical attraction
- Similar beliefs
10
Q
Contextualism
A
- behavior that must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs
11
Q
Worldview
A
- A person’s perception of his or her relationship to the world
12
Q
The civil rights movement
A
- helped the multicultural counseling movement
13
Q
Jensen
A
- tried to prove that Blacks has lower IQs due to generic factors
14
Q
Prognosis
A
- probable outcome in a case that one can recover from
15
Q
Recommendations
A
- when a counselor speaks of what he or she believes must transpire from counseling
16
Q
Aggression
A
- poor economic conditions
17
Q
Dollar and Miller
A
- Frustration-aggression theory
18
Q
Festinger
A
- cognitive dissonance theory
- reduces tension and discomfort
- a form of denial
19
Q
Cultural norm
A
- describes expectations of how one should act
20
Q
Mores
A
- rightness or wrongness of behavior
- breaking mores results in causing harm to others or threatens the existence of a group
21
Q
Folkways
A
- like mores; however, breaking folkways turns into embarrassment
22
Q
Parson
A
- first pioneer to focus heavily in sociocultural issues
23
Q
Biological similarities
A
- indicate universal culture
24
Q
Emory Bogardus
A
- developed a social distance scale to see how individuals felts toward other ethnic groups
25
Foot in the door technique
- when a person agrees to something that causes discomfort the first time, and the second time it becomes easier until one does not feel uncomfortable. e.g., social worker visiting homes
- Freeman and Fraser = both start with F as their theory also First time
26
Society
- independent group that occupies a definitive territory
27
Ethnocentrism
- Universal, view one's own culture as superior
| - false beliefs based on opinions
28
Culturation
- ethnic or racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the majority or dominant culture
29
Assimilation
- when individuals have a high level of acculturation. becomes part of the dominant majority
30
modal personality
- it's the most frequent profile of a given group of people
31
Social exchange theory
- rewards are greater than costs
32
Balance theory
- a move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency
| - a tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state
33
Attractive people
- have other traits
34
Cognitive dissonance
- deals mainly with cognition and attitude formation
35
Monolithical perspective
- counselor perceives all the people in a given group as being identical
36
Connotative Error
- applies to the emotional content of a word, which is different from the true or dictionary definition
37
Emic
- each client is an individual with individual differences
38
Etic
- regardless of the culture or background same techniques or theories can be applied to any client
39
African American Clients
- are not open with their feelings
| - lack trust
40
Ambivalent transference
- uncertainty
- occurs when the client rapidly shifts his or her emotional attitude toward the counselor based on learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past
41
Personalism
- all people must adjust to the environmental and geological demands and changes
- the counselor will make most progress if he/she sees the client as a person who has learned survival skills rather than seeing the client as a disease person
42
Pluralism
- individuals exist in more than one category
| - occurs when individuals maintain their cultural heritage but participate in political matters or other issues
43
Separatism
- when a group of people totally withdrawn from te political majority
44
F.H Alloport
- the concept of social facilitation
| - individuals perform better in groups
45
McDougall and Ross
- introduced social psychology to America
46
Stanley Milgram
- associated with obedience and authority
| - discovered that people who were told to give others electric shocks on command did so
47
Approach-Approach conflict
- when an individual is presented with two equal attractive options simultaneously
- this is the easiest to help clients
48
Avoidance-Avoidance conflict
- when an individual is presented with two negative alternatives
49
Approach-Avoidance conflict
- when an individual is presented with a positive and a negative factor at the same time.
- This is the toughest to help clients with
50
Melting Pot
- different cultures assimilate or melt into the dominant culture
51
Salad bowl
- people are mixed together, but like lettuce and tomatoes in a salad, they remain their unique cultural identity
52
Race
- blacks, whites
53
Caste System
- implies that there are fixed layers of superiority and inferiority
54
Solomon Asch and Muzafer Sherif
- 11 year old boy camp
| - conform with the rest of the group - agree with the majority
55
Introspection
- The higher the social class the more time an individual has to "look within themselves"
56
Asians
- avoid eye contact with authority figures
57
Hispanics
- value spiritual healing
