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NCE > Social Cultural Foundations > Flashcards

Social Cultural Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Counterculture

A
  • when a group of persons oppose the values of the culture
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2
Q

Culture Epoch

A
  • which suggests that in all cultures children pass through the same stages
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3
Q

Durkheim

A
  • founder of modern sociology

- rules of sociological method

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4
Q

Mcdougal

A
  • father of Hormic Psychology

- suggests that individuals in or out of groups are driven by innate, inherited tendencies

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5
Q

Lorenz and Freud

A
  • believed that aggression is necessary for survival
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6
Q

Bandura

A
  • social learning theory

- noted that children who viewed live or filmed aggression imitated the behavior

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7
Q

Proxemics

A
  • related to the person space, interpersonal distance, and territorial
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8
Q

Propinquity

A
  • people who are attracted to each other due to close proximity e.g, job, or apartment
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9
Q

Factors that enhance interpersonal attraction

A
  • CPS
  • close proximity
  • Physical attraction
  • Similar beliefs
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10
Q

Contextualism

A
  • behavior that must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs
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11
Q

Worldview

A
  • A person’s perception of his or her relationship to the world
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12
Q

The civil rights movement

A
  • helped the multicultural counseling movement
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13
Q

Jensen

A
  • tried to prove that Blacks has lower IQs due to generic factors
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14
Q

Prognosis

A
  • probable outcome in a case that one can recover from
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15
Q

Recommendations

A
  • when a counselor speaks of what he or she believes must transpire from counseling
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16
Q

Aggression

A
  • poor economic conditions
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17
Q

Dollar and Miller

A
  • Frustration-aggression theory
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18
Q

Festinger

A
  • cognitive dissonance theory
  • reduces tension and discomfort
  • a form of denial
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19
Q

Cultural norm

A
  • describes expectations of how one should act
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20
Q

Mores

A
  • rightness or wrongness of behavior

- breaking mores results in causing harm to others or threatens the existence of a group

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21
Q

Folkways

A
  • like mores; however, breaking folkways turns into embarrassment
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22
Q

Parson

A
  • first pioneer to focus heavily in sociocultural issues
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23
Q

Biological similarities

A
  • indicate universal culture
24
Q

Emory Bogardus

A
  • developed a social distance scale to see how individuals felts toward other ethnic groups
25
Q

Foot in the door technique

A
  • when a person agrees to something that causes discomfort the first time, and the second time it becomes easier until one does not feel uncomfortable. e.g., social worker visiting homes
  • Freeman and Fraser = both start with F as their theory also First time
26
Q

Society

A
  • independent group that occupies a definitive territory
27
Q

Ethnocentrism

A
  • Universal, view one’s own culture as superior

- false beliefs based on opinions

28
Q

Culturation

A
  • ethnic or racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the majority or dominant culture
29
Q

Assimilation

A
  • when individuals have a high level of acculturation. becomes part of the dominant majority
30
Q

modal personality

A
  • it’s the most frequent profile of a given group of people
31
Q

Social exchange theory

A
  • rewards are greater than costs
32
Q

Balance theory

A
  • a move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency

- a tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state

33
Q

Attractive people

A
  • have other traits
34
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A
  • deals mainly with cognition and attitude formation
35
Q

Monolithical perspective

A
  • counselor perceives all the people in a given group as being identical
36
Q

Connotative Error

A
  • applies to the emotional content of a word, which is different from the true or dictionary definition
37
Q

Emic

A
  • each client is an individual with individual differences
38
Q

Etic

A
  • regardless of the culture or background same techniques or theories can be applied to any client
39
Q

African American Clients

A
  • are not open with their feelings

- lack trust

40
Q

Ambivalent transference

A
  • uncertainty
  • occurs when the client rapidly shifts his or her emotional attitude toward the counselor based on learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past
41
Q

Personalism

A
  • all people must adjust to the environmental and geological demands and changes
  • the counselor will make most progress if he/she sees the client as a person who has learned survival skills rather than seeing the client as a disease person
42
Q

Pluralism

A
  • individuals exist in more than one category

- occurs when individuals maintain their cultural heritage but participate in political matters or other issues

43
Q

Separatism

A
  • when a group of people totally withdrawn from te political majority
44
Q

F.H Alloport

A
  • the concept of social facilitation

- individuals perform better in groups

45
Q

McDougall and Ross

A
  • introduced social psychology to America
46
Q

Stanley Milgram

A
  • associated with obedience and authority

- discovered that people who were told to give others electric shocks on command did so

47
Q

Approach-Approach conflict

A
  • when an individual is presented with two equal attractive options simultaneously
  • this is the easiest to help clients
48
Q

Avoidance-Avoidance conflict

A
  • when an individual is presented with two negative alternatives
49
Q

Approach-Avoidance conflict

A
  • when an individual is presented with a positive and a negative factor at the same time.
  • This is the toughest to help clients with
50
Q

Melting Pot

A
  • different cultures assimilate or melt into the dominant culture
51
Q

Salad bowl

A
  • people are mixed together, but like lettuce and tomatoes in a salad, they remain their unique cultural identity
52
Q

Race

A
  • blacks, whites
53
Q

Caste System

A
  • implies that there are fixed layers of superiority and inferiority
54
Q

Solomon Asch and Muzafer Sherif

A
  • 11 year old boy camp

- conform with the rest of the group - agree with the majority

55
Q

Introspection

A
  • The higher the social class the more time an individual has to “look within themselves”
56
Q

Asians

A
  • avoid eye contact with authority figures
57
Q

Hispanics

A
  • value spiritual healing

NCE (8 decks)

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