Social & Cultural Diversity Flashcards
America has been called the most diverse country on the face of our planet. Counseling a client from a different social and/or cultural background is known as.
All of the above (cross-culture counseling, multicultural counseling, OR intercultural counseling)
Culture refers to
All of the above (customs shared by a group which distinguishes it from other groups AND values shared by a group that are learned from others in the group, AND attitudes, beliefs, art, and language which characterize the members of a group often passed from generation to generation)
Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are culturally different. This means the client is
Belongs to a different culture from the helper
In order to diagnose clients from a different culture
The counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture
In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents
A separate culture
Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?
Berne 
_______ & ________ Would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to fight
Freud; Lorenz
______ Believe that aggression is learned. Thus, a child who witnesses aggressive behavior in adults may imitate the aggressive behavior.
Social learning theorist
The APGA, which became the AACD until 1992 is now the ACA, contribute to the growth of cross-cultural counseling by
The 1972 formation of the Association for Non-White Concerns and Personnel and Guudence, later known as the Association of Mulitcultural Counseling and Development.
Daniel Levinson proposed a controversial stage crisis view theory with several major life transitions. He
B & C (wrote the 1978 classic seasons of a man’s life in the 1997 sequel seasons of a woman’s life AND postulated a midlife crisis of men between the ages 40 and 45 and four women approximately five years later)
The three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction are:
Close proximity, physical attraction, similar beliefs
The Term contextualism implies that
Behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs
Carol Gilligan, although she was an assistant of Lawrence Kohlberg, was critical of his theory of moral development
As she felt it was more applicable to males than females
_______ Helped to popularize the multicultural counseling movement
The civil rights movement
When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome of the case, he or she is technically referring to
The prognosis
 When a counselor speaks of what he or she believes transpire for my psychotherapeutic standpoint, he or she technically is referring to
Recommendations
In the 1971 famous Stanford prison experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo demonstrated that
People conform to social roles
A wealth of research demonstrates that
In most instances, clients prefer a counselor of the same race and a similar cultural background
The frustration-aggression theory is associated with
John Dollard and Neil Miller
A popular cognitive consistency or balance theory in social psychology is _________ cognitive distance theory
Festinger’s
Culture is Really a set of rules, procedures, ideas and values shared by members of a society. Culture is said to be normative. This implies that
Culture provides individuals with standards of
A statistical nor measures actual conduct, while cultural norm
Describes how people are supposed to act
Mores are beliefs and social customs
Regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior
__________ Was the first pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues
Frank Parsons, the father of guidance
A counselor who is a part of a research study will be counseling clients in the polar regions and then at the point near the equator. Her primary concern will be
B & C (national culture AND ecological culture)
Biological similarities in seamless are indicated by
Universal culture
Early vocalization in infants
It’s nearly identical in all cultures around the Globe
In the 1920s, Emory Bogardus developed a social distance scale, which evaluated
How an individual felt towards other ethnic groups
According to the foot-in-the-door compliance technique, which has two distinct steps, counselor who needs to make a home visit to a resistant clients home
Should ask to come in the home
Most countries have an official language, a stated viewpoint, and a central government. This is reflected mainly by
National culture
Where is a culture is defined primarily via norms and values, a society differs from a culture in that a society
Is a self-perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territory
Ethnocentrism
Uses one’s own culture as a yardstick to measure all others
All of these statements are ethnocentric except
The gross domestic product in the United States exceeds the figure in Mexico
Ethnocentrism
B & C (promotes a sense of patriotism and national sovereignty AND Promote stability in pride, yet danger in the nuclear age)
Regardless of culture the popular individual
Has good social skills
Social exchange theory postulates that
A relationship Allender if the rewards or greater than the cost
Balance theory postulates
B & C (A move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency AND A tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state)
Most individuals believe that people and they perceive as attractive
Have other positive traits
A counselor who works primarily league with older adults needs to be aware that
Surprisingly, financial security in health are the best predictors of retirement adjustment
Most experts would agree that I multicultural counselors diagnosis
Must be done within a cultural context
