Group Counseling and Group Work Flashcards
Prior to the 1960s most counseling took place
In a dyadic relationship
A group has
All of the above (A membership which can be defined AND Some degree of unity and interaction AND a shared purpose)
The term group Therapy was coined in 1931 by
Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama
Noted Psychotherapy author and scholar Raymond Corsini once referred to the 1940s as the “modern era” of group work. In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created and group work became a legitimate specialty. The groups are
The American Society for group psychotherapy and psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American group psychotherapy Association (AG PA) which resulted from the effort of Samuel Richard Salveson in 1943
Which theorist work has been classified as a preference to the group movement
Alfred Adler and Jesse B. Davis
Primary groups are
preventive and attempt to ward off problems
A group is classified as secondary. This implies that
Two therapist are utilized
When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group
The tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology
Group norms
Govern acceptable behavior and group rules
Group Therapy initially flourished in the United States due to
A shortage of individual therapist during World War II
Group Contant refers to material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to
The manner in which discussions and transactions occur
Group cohesiveness refers to
Forces which of tend to bind group members together
Some theorist feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem-solving group) in that
Group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration
Most experts would agree that overall
Structured exercises or less effective than unstructured techniques
One advantage of group work has that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on a group process and
Individual issues are not properly examined
According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will
Be less conservative than the average group members decision, prior to the group discussion
T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner. The “T” in T-groups merely stands for
Training
A counselor suggest that her client join in assertive training group. Most assertiveness training groups are
Behavioristic in highly structured
Weight watchers is a
Self help or support group, as is AA
The ACA and ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members
For all groups
A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private practice office. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for group member?
And extremely hostile in belligerent construction worker
A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for group member?
A first year student who is suicidal and sociopathic
A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately. Although private screening interviews are not as cost-effective or as time efficient as a group screening, many group leaders feel that private screening sessions are superior
In terms of counselor-client interaction
Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that
Closed groups allowed no new members after the group begins
One major advantage of a closed group versus an open group is
It promotes cohesiveness
Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the ability to
To trust
One major disadvantage of a closed group versus an open group is that
If everyone quits, you will be left with no group members
The number of people an open group is generally
More stable than in a closed group
One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that
Remember who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences
When a group members speaking, it is best for the counselor to
Try to face the group members
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In the setting it is likely that
An Asian American leader and an Asian American client was it close together
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that
A Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together
Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product?
“You since whenever Jane raises her voice”
Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescence focuses on product rather than process?
“ken has not stolen for a week and this is eligible for supplementary tokens”
Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that
We are not the only ones in the world with the given problem
In the late 1930s researchers identify the three basic leadership styles
Autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire
The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the group, while the laissez faire leader
Has a hands off policy in participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself
When comparing the autocratic, Democratic, and laissez faire styles,
The Democratic, or wet Sam Gladding called in facilitator, is the most desirable
A group with more than one leader is said to utilize coleaders. Coleadership is desirable because
All of the above (The group can go on even if one leaders absent, two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one, leaders can process their feelings between sessions)
Coleadership
Reduces burn out and helps ensure safety
Coleadership
Is helpful when one leader is experiencing counter transference
Coleadership, also referred to as co-facilitation, can be a disadvantage when
All of the above (leaders working against each other; this can fragment the group, leaders are intimate with each other, leaders question each other’s competence)
coleaders are apt to work at Cross purpose when
They do not meet between group sessions
Gerald Corey, who has written extensively on group therapy, believes __________ is necessary for an effective group leader
Participation in a therapeutic group in participation in a leaders group (even if the individual is well educated and is licensed and certified)
Most experts would agree that an effective adult counseling group has _______ members
5 or 6 to 8
Most experts would agree that an effective counseling group for children has
Less members than an adult group
Although the length of a group counseling session will vary, most experts would agree that _______ is plenty of time even when critical issues are being examined
Two hours per session
In terms of group risks
An ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client
An adept group leader will
a anb b (attempt to safeguard clients against risks AND Work to reduce risks and dangers)
a group participant wants to drop out of a group. Since the group is “closed” most experts would agree that
The client is allowed to withdraw
During the initial session of a group the leader explains that no smoking and no cursing will be permitted. This is known as
Setting ground rules
Group norms refer to
The range of acceptable behavior within the group
The study of group operations is often called
Group dynamics
The word dynamic means the group is
Always changing
Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in the many groups is
A lack of goalsetting
A group leader who utilizes an abundance of group exercises is
Is running a structured group
Some theorist object to the word unstructured in group work because
A group cannot not have structure
Some research demonstrates that
Structured exercises with Feedback early in the group served to improve communication between group members
In some literature, group cohesiveness, or “we-ness” is known as
Group unity
Group members assume roles within a group. Which of the following is not a group role?
Reactive schizophrenia
A group member who insist on asking other members inappropriate questions is known as a peeping Tom or
An interrogator
The follower goes along with whatever the rest of the group thinks. From a personality standpoint the follower is
Nonassertive
The ______ may secretly wish that he or she was running the group
Gatekeeper
Everybody picks on
The scapegoat
A female group number is obviously not participating. A group member playing the _______ is most likely to mention this and urged her to participate
Gatekeeper
Cohesiveness, or group unity, is desirable. It promotes bonding in a sense of “we-ness” between group members. When cohesiveness a strong, nevertheless, also can be negative as
a and b (it can stunt creativity AND it can boost conformity)
In a healthy group, members
Are flexible and can change roles
In a group, task roles
All of the above (help solve problems AND aid in terms of goal setting and keep the group focused AND are seen as positive)
Maintenance roles, like task roles, are positive since such roles
Help to maintain the group
Self-serving or individual roles are negative inasmuch as
B & C (they work against the group AND They serve the individual and not the group)
Although task roles and maintenance roles are indeed positive, the group can suffer if the group is not flexible and remains in one or the other role too long since
b & c (if a group gets stuck in task rolls, interaction suffers AND If a group gets stuck in the maintenance rolls, little work (or tasks) will be accomplished)
Group specialist define role conflict as
A situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave in the way here she actually behaves
A major group dynamic is group development. This is usually expressed in terms of
Theories of group stages
Irvin Yalom is a famous existentialist therapist and a pioneer in the group movement. He suggested these four stages: orientation, conflict, cohesion, and termination. In 1977 Tuckman and Jensen reviewed 25 years of research and came up with five stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Which stage in Tuckman and Jensen paradigm is similar to Yalom orientation stage?
Forming
The final stage suggested by theories of group stages generally deals with issues of
Separation and termination
The initial group stage has been called forming, orientation, or the preaffiliation stage. This stage is characterized by
Approach avoidance behavior
A client with generally feel the most suspicious of others in
The group formation/exploratory stage
Fight between subgroups and members showing rebellion against the leader generally occur in
The second stage known as the control state or the transition stage
A hierarchy, or pecking order, among members occurs in
The stage of storming, also known as the power-control stage
Group planning occurs
Before the group begins and continues throughout the life of the group
The final group stage (also called termination stage) is geared toward
Breaking away
A group therapist is constructing a diagram to better understand the dynamics between subgroups and members. This is called
Ego state analysis
A group leader who asked each group member to recapitulate what he or she has learned during a given session is promoting
Summarization, the act of briefly stating what has transpired or discussed
A leader who wishes to stop inappropriate discussion should rely on
Blocking
When a leader attempts to relate one persons predicament to another persons predicament, it is known as
Linking
Strategies that approach the group as a whole are known as
Horizontal interventions
Strategies that focus on an individual member of a group are known as
Vertical interventions
A group therapist must make
More decisions than an individual therapist
When he counselor reads the journals in this field, it becomes evident that
A researcher/practitioner split exists in group work
Experts predict that in the future
Group leaders will be more like life-skills trainers
According to researchers, groups are effective
Although researchers cannot pinpoint precisely why this is true
A major limitation related to group work is that
A group leader can lose control and members could experience emotional harm 
A major advantage group work versus individual work is that
Members learn to give help in addition to receiving it and group sessions generally cost less (I.e., they are more economical) than individual counseling sessions
Which statement best depicts a major advantage of group work?
The group setting is somewhat analogist to the communication and interaction of every day life
Hey Siri which of these factors is not delineated by Irvin Yalom as a curative factor?
Manifest dream content and insight into the unconscious mind
In terms of research and the group leaders personality
Qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense may be helpful to a very small degree
R. K. Conyne Suggested that group intervention is intended to
Prevent, correct, or enhance behavior
A group leader who wishes to assess the impact of the group ideally would
Have an outside “observer” sit in during group sessions and consequently rate the level of behavioral change
A group leader who is counseling children under 10 years of age could best enhance the treatment process by
Involving parents and asking them for input
When an adolescent complains about his or her parents in the group it is best to
Avoid taking sides but help him or her see the parents point of you via therapeutic techniques such as role-playing
