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cpce > Social Cultural > Flashcards

Social Cultural Flashcards

1
Q

Etic

A

The perspective of an outsider looking in on a culture without taking part in it, relying on observation instead of participation.

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2
Q

Emic

A

The insider’s perspective, the perspective that comes from within the culture where the project is situated

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3
Q

Autoplastic

A

the client needs to change

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4
Q

Alloplastic

A

change must come from environment, e.g., advocacy to change systems

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5
Q

what is the Tripartite model

A

model of cultural competence

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6
Q

Tripartite model: Awareness

A

refers to the person’s recognition of belonging to a cultural group and allows for self-examination of values, beliefs, and practices in a manner that enhances humility and facilitates empathy.

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7
Q

Tripartite model: knowledge

A

dimension refers to acquiring and retaining information specific to cultural groups.

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8
Q

Tripartite model: skills

A

skills refer to communicative or behavioral repertoires that result in successful exchanges between culturally different people

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9
Q

Internal locus of responsibility

A

responsible for their own successes and failures

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10
Q

Internal locus of control

A

Are more likely to take responsibility for their actions

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11
Q

external locus of responsibility

A

are not responsible for their life successes and failures

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12
Q

external locus of control

A

Blame outside forces for their circumstances

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13
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture.

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14
Q

Sexual/affective orientations: LGBTQQIA+

A

Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, trans, queer, questioning, Intersex, asexual, infinite variety of identities outside of or not represented

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15
Q

Marginalization

A

treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.

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16
Q

double or triple jeopardy

A

It hypothesizes that all three types of oppression: classism, racism, and sexism need to be overcome at once.

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17
Q

Primary Oppression

A

the blatant variety directly perpetrated through either or both of the modalities of force or deprivation

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18
Q

Secondary Oppression

A

when a person does not actively oppress through force or deprivation but benefits from oppression of others by others

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19
Q

Tertiary Oppression

A

occurs when a member seeks acceptance from the dominant group by selling out or abandoning his or her own group

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20
Q

Multicultural counseling organizations

A

The Civil Rights movement influenced counseling’s focus on multicultural issues, In 1972: APGA (now ACA) formed the Association for Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance, later known as the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD)

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21
Q

Multicultural counseling legal cases: 1956 - Brown vs. Board of Education result

A

Desegregated public schools

22
Q

Multicultural counseling legal cases: Referenced the famous Clark doll test result:

A

African-American students preferred a white doll over a black doll, Suggested that segregation was having an impact on self-concept and self-esteem

23
Q

Social psychology theories is Allport’s Social Facilitation theory about

A

People perform better in groups

24
Q

Social psychology theories Festinger: cognitive dissonance theory.

A

If people feel negatively about an act they have committed, they must either change their behavior or else justify their actions.

25
Q

Social psychology theories Balance theory (related to cognitive dissonance theory):

A

We tend to follow counselors advice if we like them, and ignore advice if we dislike them

26
Q

Social psychology effects

A

Sleeper Explanation Scarcity Foot-in-the-door Reciprocity Risky shift

27
Q

Social psychology effects Sleeper effect

A

After a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message

28
Q

Social psychology effects Explanation

A

A reason/rationale for a request increases cooperation

29
Q

Social psychology effects Scarcity

A

Less is more; rare objects/events have more value

30
Q

Social psychology effects Foot-in-the-door

A

Agreeing to first statement is more likely to agree to second statement

31
Q

Social psychology effects Reciprocity

A

Unspoken contract of golden rule; we repay favors

32
Q

Social psychology effects Risky shift

A

Group decision will be less conservative than the average group members? decision prior to discussion

33
Q

Social psychology experiments Robber’s cave experiment:

A

A cooperative goal can bring two hostile groups together, thus reducing competition and enhancing cooperation

34
Q

Social psychology experiments Milgram experiment:

A

People will adhere to directions given by people in authority, even against their moral values

35
Q

Social psychology experiments Solomon Asch and Muzafer Sherif:

A

People will conform to the consensus, after multiple people around them agree on an issue

36
Q

Society

A

people abiding prescribed patterns of interdependence

37
Q

Culture

A

shared values, beliefs, customs

38
Q

Salad bowl analogy:

A

Cultures each add something to the whole, when put together and allowed to keep their uniqueness

39
Q

melting pot analogy:

A

Integration of cultures leads to loss of identity for each culture

40
Q

Open vs. closed social systems:

A

Open systems have flexible membership criteria, closed systems have rigid membership criteria

41
Q

Domestic violence:

A

intervention is prevented by social/cultural beliefs that DV is a family matter and not subject to social intervention

42
Q

Unconscious bias:

A

Implicit information processing leads to prejudice

43
Q

Humanistic life outlook:

A

Growth occurs through formal education, observational learning, and diverse interpersonal experiences

44
Q

Cross & Helms Racial identity development - Nigrescence model stages

A

Preencounter unaware, denial, conformity;
Encounter awareness of racism, dissonance, conflict, anxiety;
Immersion-Emersion retreat into own group, cautious interaction, rejection of dominant culture;
Internalization Identification with other oppressed groups, interact flexibly with Whites;
Integration and action advocacy to reduce all forms of oppression

45
Q

Helms & Hardimans Racial identity development - White model

A

Contact unaware, denial, conformity, naivety;
Disintegration awareness and discomfort with racism; belief in equal opportunities for all racial groups (universal), believe White values are the gold standard;
Reintegration or pseudo-independence reactive intolerance and anger toward racial groups OR superficial commitment to racism issues; do not walk the talk;
Immersion/Emersion Redefine whiteness, self-reflection, renewed attempts to address privilege and racism;
Internalization and Autonomy advocacy for whites to relinquish privilege and change status quo

46
Q

Poston’s Racial identity development - Biracial model

A

Personal identity unaware of multicultural characteristics, denial, conformity, naivety;
Choice of group categorization anxiety and conflict by choosing one racial identity over another;
Enmeshment/Denial disloyalty and self-distain following inability to identity fully with one racial group;
Appreciation acceptance and valuing of multiple identities;
Integration complimentary sense for how racial identities intersect/interact

47
Q

Berry’s acculturation model

A

Assimilation Embracing host culture, rejecting heritage culture;
Accommodation Embracing heritage culture, embracing host culture;
Marginalization Embracing heritage culture, rejecting host culture;
Separation Rejecting both heritage and host culture

48
Q

Downing and Roush Gender identity development - Female model

A

Passive acceptance internalized gender role; low interaction with feminism;
Revelation contact/exposure to sexism; may result in dualistic thinking (women are all good, men are all bad);
Embeddedness/Emanation female support networks are established; guarded interactions with men;
Synthesis feminist principles are integrated with other cultural identities; more interaction and dialogue with men;
Active commitment advocacy for women, action to address and eliminate sexism

49
Q

Bem and Gender Schema Theory is?

A

A cognitive theory;
Explains how individuals become gendered in society and how sex-linked characteristics are maintained and transmitted to other members of a culture.

50
Q

Cass’s Gay identity development

A

Conscious awareness feeling different; person realizes they may not be heterosexual;
Identity comparison attempts to accept or reject aspects of gay identity; either 1) seek to be heterosexual, 2) try to pass as heterosexual, 3) rejecting social expectations/norms for queerness;
Identity tolerance retreat into culture; connect with sexual minorities, and distance from heterosexuals;
Identity acceptance and pride active identification and commitment to the gay community; beyond simple tolerance; some advocacy/activism

51
Q

Weinberg’s Gay identity development - Bisexual model

A

Initial confusion anxiety and discomfort about selecting a sexual identity (gay or straight);
Finding and applying the label of bisexuality comfort with the bisexual label, and attraction to both genders;
Settling into the identity increased acceptance of bisexual identity;
Continued uncertainty ongoing intermittent uncertainty

52
Q

Poll and Smith’s Spiritual identity development

A

Pre-awareness spirituality is not considered important/salient;
Awakening event/conflict creates awareness of self as spiritual being;
Recognition spirituality is integrated throughout life experiences and begin to develop spiritual practice;
Integration spirituality is integrated into self-concept and identity

cpce (9 decks)

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