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CPCE kara > Counseling Theory 1 > Flashcards

Counseling Theory 1 Flashcards

Theory Basics, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral Theories

1
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud

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2
Q

Ego Psychology

A

Hartmann

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3
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

A

Stack Sullivan

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4
Q

Object Relations

A

Kernberg, Winnicott, Mahler, Klein

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5
Q

Self-Psychology

A

Kohut

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6
Q

Jungian

A

Carl Jung

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7
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Adler

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8
Q

Gestalt

A

(Fritz and Laura Perls)

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9
Q

Existential Therapy

A

Frankl, May, Yalom

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10
Q

Person-Centered

A

Rogers, Carkhuff

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11
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pavlov, Wolpe

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12
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Skinner, Thorndike

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13
Q

Social Learning

A

Bandura

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14
Q

Reality

A

Glasser

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15
Q

Cognitive

A

Beck

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16
Q

Rational-Emotive Behavior

A

Ellis

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17
Q

Cognitive-behavior Modification

A

Meichenbaum

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18
Q

EMDR

A

Shapiro

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19
Q

Transactional analysis

A

Berne

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20
Q

Basic counseling micro skills

A

Attending
Minimal encouragers
Open and closed questions Reflections of content, feeling, meaning
Paraphrasing and summarizing Confrontation
Interpretation
Immediacy
Self-disclosure
Feedback and the use of “I statements”
Psychoeducation

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21
Q

What is counseling consultation

A

Focus is on resolving a problem

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22
Q

Counseling consultation three step process:

A

establish rapport,
identify problem and set goals,
assess effectiveness and conclude consultation

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23
Q

Who created psychodynamic mental health consultation

A

Caplan

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24
Q

psychodynamic mental health consultation main points

A

The consultant does not see the client directly but advises the consultee (i.e., the individual in the organization who is receiving the consultant’s services). recommends that the consultant—not the counselor/consultee—be ethically and legally responsible for the client’s welfare and treatment

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25
Q

Who created behavioral consultation or social learning theory consultation model

A

Bandura

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26
Q

behavioral consultation model purpose

A

The consultant designs behavioral change programs for the consultee to implement.

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27
Q

Explain Schein’s process consultation model

A

Analogous to the “doctor–patient” model, The consultant is paid to diagnose the problem (i.e., the consultee is not certain what it is) and prescribe a solution. The focus is on the agency or organization, not the individual client. Process consultation focuses on the process used to solve the problem rather than the content of the problem

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28
Q

Explain Schein’s purchase of expertise model (second consultation model)

A

The consultee says: Here’s the problem; you fix it. Similar to the doctor–patient model, except that the consultee knows what is wrong.

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29
Q

How does the triadic consultation model work

A

The consultant works with a mediator to provide services to a client

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30
Q

Prognosis

A

probable outcome in a case

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31
Q

Diagnosis

A

meets criteria for mental disorder

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32
Q

Symptoms

A

components of criteria for mental disorder

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33
Q

Treatment plan

A

interventions to address the diagnosis, in order of occurrence

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34
Q

What are the different schools of counseling

A

Psychodynamic and Adlerian, Cognitive-Behavioral Existential-Humanistic Constructivist and Feminist

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35
Q

What theories fall under Psychodynamic

A

Psychoanalysis Individual Psychology Jungian Neo-Freudian Attachment

36
Q

Core ideas of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis

A

Unconscious motivations drive our behavior (drive theory), Drives are typically about reproduction (Eros) or aggression (Thanatos) Conscious, preconscious, unconscious Psychosexual development Transference vs. counter-transference

37
Q

Psychoanalysis Techniques:

A

Free association, Dream analysis (manifest vs. latent content)

38
Q

Freud’s structure of personality

A

Id ego superego

39
Q

What are the following: Repression Denial Reaction Formation, Projection Displacement Sublimation Rationalization and Regression

A

Psychoanalysis Ego Defense Mechanisms

40
Q

Unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings and impulses is called

A

Repression

41
Q

Reversion to earlier stage of development, in face of unacceptable impulses is called

A

Regression

42
Q

Redirecting thoughts/feelings from unsafe person to safe person is called

A

Displacement

43
Q

Misattribution of own thoughts and feelings onto another person is called

A

Projection

44
Q

Convincing oneself or others that an action was reasonable in the circumstances is called

A

Rationalization

45
Q

Channeling unacceptable impulses, thoughts, and emotions into more acceptable ones is called

A

Compensation/Sublimation

46
Q

Rejection of thoughts, feelings, or ideas that feel threatening is called

A

Denial

47
Q

Avoiding feeling emotions through overemphasis on rational thought is called

A

Intellectualization

48
Q

Converting unwanted or dangerous thoughts or feelings into their opposites is called

A

Reaction Formation

49
Q

Neo-Freudian models

A

Ego psychology Interpersonal psychotherapy Object relations Self-psychology

50
Q

Ego psychology creators and main focus

A

Hartmann, Anna Freud, Jacobson, Mahler Ego can develop maturity and autonomy in healthy environments Focused on child counseling

51
Q

Interpersonal psychotherapy creators and main focus

A

Harry Stack Sullivan, Problematic interpersonal relationships mental disorders Focus is on client interactional patterns, rather than past relationships

52
Q

Object relations creators and main focus

A

Kernberg, Winnicott, Mahler, Melanie Klein, How babies and infants interact with people objects in their environment, Splitting/black-or-white thinking

53
Q

Self-psychology creators and main focus

A

Kohut, Problems result from unsatisfied needs. Therapist empathy is more important than interpretation -focused on narsasism

54
Q

Jungian Core ideas:

A

A person individuates or becomes their own person as they age, Spirituality and culture are important to development, Archetypes Holistic; people lose touch with parts of themselves as they age Personal vs. collective unconscious, Personality types (introversion-extroversion; thinking-feeling).

55
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was later based on what theory

A

Jung’s theory

56
Q

Jungian Techniques:

A

Amplification: Comparison of dreams to archetypes, literature, art, folklore, Active imagination: talk to characters in dreams

57
Q

Jung’s Personality Structure

A

Self, Anima/Animus - Masculine and Feminine parts, Shadow - Unacceptable impulses, Persona - Public image

58
Q

Jung’s Archetypes

A

The hero, the child, the wise old man, the earth mother, the demon, the god, the snake

59
Q

Adler created what theory

A

Individual Psychology

60
Q

Individual Psychology Core ideas

A

Healthy individuals have social interest and compassion; people strive for growth, Inferiority and compensation through superiority complex Lifestyle (personal narrative)

61
Q

Individual Psychology Techniques

A

Lifestyle analysis and early recollections Asking as-if, spitting in the soup Encouragement Asking the question (cf. miracle question)

62
Q

Individual Psychology Lifestyle idea

A

Encouragement/discouragement leads to superiority/inferiority

63
Q

Encouragement> Confidence>self-efficacy>Learned hardiness (keep trying)>Achievement identity

A

Discouragement Self-doubt, inefficacy Learned helplessness (stop trying) Failure identity

64
Q

Basic mistakes

A

Overgeneralizations Misperceptions of life and life’s demands Denial of one’s worth Faulty values

65
Q

Birth Order

A

the order in which a child is born shapes their development and personality. Adler also claimed that family, community, and social aspects play a major role in shaping a child’s personality

66
Q

Oldest child

A

Can be leaders of family; most independent; take over authority if parent is impaired / unavailable

67
Q

Middle child

A

Can compete with oldest child; maybe more relaxed, seek parental attention; best able to adapt to new situations

68
Q

Youngest child

A

Can be pampered or spoiled by parents and/or older siblings; tend to enjoy a role of making others laugh and use humor

69
Q

Single child

A

Most familiar with adult interactions rather than same-age; may lack social skills such as give-and-take

70
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral theorists

A

Skinner Bandura Wolpe Beck, Ellis, Meichenbaum Shapiro Glasser

71
Q

What theory are these men associated with Skinner, Bandura, Wolpe

A

Behavioral theory

72
Q

Behavioral theory Core ideas:

A

Focus is on observable behavioral events and helping clients to change Insight and phenomenology are less important Reinforcement and shaping (operant conditioning) Extinction, extinction burst, spontaneous recovery Noncontingent reinforcement Three term contingency: Antecedent > Behavior > Consequence

73
Q

Techniques:

A

Token economy Behavior rehearsal, roleplaying Systematic desensitization, flooding, exposure hierarchy

74
Q

What is a Token Economy

A

Clients earn tokens for desired behavior. Easy reinforcement first, reward the client in frequent increments for longer activities, reinforcement becomes progressively difficult to access as the client demonstrates mastery and tokens are not taken away for misbehavior

75
Q

What is the exposure hierarchy

A

a list of situations, objects, or activities that a person avoids or fears, ranked in order of difficulty. The least anxiety-provoking situations are at the bottom of the hierarchy, while the most anxiety provoking situations are at the top

76
Q

Explain Systematic Desensitization steps

A

First, you’ll learn ways to relax your muscles. Next, you’ll make a list of your fears and rank them based on how intense your fears are. Last, you’ll start exposing yourself to your fear in stages so you get more and more comfortable dealing with it.

77
Q

What are the basics of Shapiro’s EMDR Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

A

Relaxation training > discuss trauma > process reaction and uses bilateral stimulation to facilitate adaptive information processing (AIP)

78
Q

What theory are these men associated with Beck, Ellis, Meichenbaum

A

Cognitive

79
Q

Cognitive theory Core ideas:

A

man is disturbed not by things, but the view he takes of them (Epictetus), Automatic thoughts vs. schematic thoughts (Beck) Cognitive distortions (Beck) and irrational beliefs (Ellis) Cognitive triad: Beliefs about self, others, the world (Beck)

80
Q

Cognitive theory Techniques:

A

Socratic questioning (Beck) and disputation (Ellis), Action planning, homework, directives Thought stopping Guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation Psychoeducation Stress inoculation training (Meichenbaum’s cognitive-behavior modification)

81
Q

List Cognitive Distortions

A

All-or-nothing Overgeneralizations Mental filter Discounting positives Jumping to conclusions/Mind reading/fortune telling Magnification Emotional reasoning “Shoulds” Labeling Personalization of blame

82
Q

What is Ellis’ ABC Model

A

Activating Event > Beliefs > Consequences EB > Disputation of IBs > Effective new beliefs and Consequences EB >

83
Q

What theory is Glasser associated with

A

Reality therapy

84
Q

Reality therapy Core ideas:

A

We have control over our behavior Sometimes our actions are incongruent with our goals and needs

85
Q

Wubbolding’s Reality therapy WDEP system

A

Compare action to goals useing
Wants, Direction and Doing, Evaluation, Planning

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