Social Construction of Individual Differences (Level 5) Flashcards
Through whose eyes do humanistic psychologists look at human behaviour?
Not only through the eyes of the observer, but also through the eyes of the person doing the behaving.
What do humanistic psychologists believe about an individual’s behaviour?
That it is connected to inner feelings and self-image.
What are the five major personality traits?
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
To what does personality refer?
To the enduring characteristics and behaviour that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life, including major traits, interests, drives, values, self-concept, abilities, and emotional patterns.
What do all threats involve?
The experience of a discrepancy.
Which discrepancy subsequently activates neural processes related to anxiety, driving a variety of proximal defences related to attentional vigilance and avoidance motivation?
The discrepancy experienced when someone is threatened by something.
How does a social constructionist perspective view difference?
As a process rather than an essence.
How does a social constructionist perspective understand difference?
As being produced in social contexts and constructed within wider discourses of knowledge and power.
What are two different characteristics that can be used to define us?
Behaviour and personality.
How is a person judged?
By how he or she behaves and what traits constitute a part of his or her personality.
What are four characteristics of autistic children?
They have communication difficulties, narrow interests, repetitive behaviour, and sometimes sensory issues.
What is a theory, essentially?
A systemic collection of related theoretical propositions.
What are three examples of different kinds of models?
Mathematical models, network models, and path models.
What do our thoughts create?
Our feelings
What do our feelings drive?
Our behaviour
What is a simple example of our thoughts creating our feelings?
Someone thinking, “if I like being outside near water and enjoy swimming, the thought of going to a pool makes me happy”.
If someone has the following thought: “if I like being outside near water and enjoy swimming, the thought of going to a pool makes me happy”, what are going to lead the person thinking this to plan activities that include swimming?
His or her thoughts and feelings.
What are the five broad personality traits described by the “Five Basic Dimensions of Personality” theory?
Extroversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
How long ago did Einstein distinguish between two kinds of theory- theories of principle and constructive theories?
A century ago.
What are three examples of cultures all over the world and throughout time that have made pictures with the same stars as the clusters identified by ancient Middle Eastern, Greek, and Roman cultures?
Native American, Asian, and African cultures.
What may have, in some cases, had ceremonial or religious significance?
The constellations identified by ancient Middle Eastern, Greek, and Roman cultures.
In cases other than those in which the constellations identified by ancient Middle Eastern, Greek, and Roman cultures had ceremonial or religious significance, what did star groupings help to mark?
The passage of time between planting and harvesting.
On which false idea is the construct of race based?
The false idea that there are distinct and different biological groups of people.
How would the arrangement of stars that make up constellations appear if we were to observe them from other locations in the universe, such as other planets or star systems?
Different
