Recap & Introduction (Level 5) Flashcards
What are among the most important kinds of individual differences?
Intelligence, personality traits, and values.
What are assumptions based on?
One’s perspective
What view of people does the individual differences approach take?
An ideographic one, looking to investigate the things that make people different, or even unique.
On what is there general agreement about in terms of the individual differences approach?
The fact that it is helpful to focus on an individual rather than generalised behaviours.
What is among-individual (co)variation in behaviour thought to be generated by?
(Semi)permanent genetic, maternal, developmental, or long-lasting environmental effects.
With what is ontology concerned?
Whether or not social reality exists independently of human understanding and interpretation.
Into which four distinct categories are the several different ways that the world can be seen in generally lumped, according to the notion of multiple subjectivities?
Realism, empiricism, positivism, and post-modernism.
What were three of the Socratic philosophers in ancient Greece known as?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
According to Thomas Hobbes, what is society?
A population and a sovereign authority, to whom all individuals in that society cede some right for the sake of protection.
Which theory did John Locke (1632 - 1704) offer, which states that we acquire ideas via our experience of the world?
John Locke’s empiricist theory.
Who was one of the most effective social and industrial reformers in 19th-century England?
Anthony Ashley Cooper, seventh Earl of Shaftesbury.
What is epistemology?
The theory of knowledge.
Between what do implicit theories distinguish, in the sense used by Dweck?
Implicit theories distinguish between the belief that human attributes are fixed (entity theory) or malleable (incremental theory).
