Learning, Creativity & Emotional Intelligence (Level 5) Flashcards
For what is behaviourism largely responsible?
For establishing psychology as a scientific discipline through its objective methods and especially experimentation.
Which two types of intelligence did Cattell (1971) propose constitute the ‘g’?
Fluid intelligence (‘gf’) and crystallised intelligence (‘gc’).
What does learning psychology help researchers, educators and employers understand?
Learning processes and how they work.
Which two pioneers viewed learning as a developmental process?
Vygotsky and Piaget.
What did Piaget emphasise the importance of in the learning process?
Hands-on exploration and experimentation.
How do children engage with their environment?
Actively by manipulating objects, asking questions, and testing hypotheses.
What type of process did Vygotsky believe that cognitive development is?
A socially mediated one, in which children acquire cultural values, beliefs, and problem-solving strategies via collaborative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society.
Which two factors may influence identity?
Family and loved ones.
What do sociocultural factors influence?
People’s feelings, values, beliefs, behaviours, attitudes, and interactions.
What are nine examples of sociocultural factors that can influence people’s feelings, values, beliefs, behaviours, attitudes, and interactions?
Social class, religious beliefs, wealth distribution, language, business practices, social values, customer preferences, social organisation, and attitude towards work.
Why may intelligent people have less need for religious beliefs and practices?
As some of the functions of religiosity can be instead provided by intelligence.
Which thinking style do intelligent people tend to adopt which has been shown to undermine religious beliefs?
An analytic (as opposed to intuitive) thinking style.
What are four examples of religious functions that are also conferred by intelligence?
Compensatory control, self-regulation, self-enhancement, and secure attachment.
What is a common issue experienced by intelligent individuals?
Social anxiety
What are three examples of the ways in which social anxiety can manifest in intelligent individuals?
Feeling out of place in groups, difficulty making friends, and being intimidated by others.
Why may intelligent people feel like they don’t fit in with their peers?
Due to having different interests or values than the group.
What type of correlation is there between IQ and fertility rate?
A negative one
What have various studies estimated the heritability of IQ to be in adults in the United States?
Between 0.7 and 0.8.
What have various studies estimated the heritability of IQ to be in childhood in the United States?
0.45
Which children have studies shown to be smarter than their siblings?
First-born children
What are we now learning about second-born children?
That they are more likely to cause trouble.
What has been shown by a University of Edinburgh study?
That first-born children have higher IQs and better thinking skills than their siblings.
What is the basis of a number of studies saying that first-born children will be smarter than their siblings?
The parents of the first-born spending more time and attention with that child.
