social cognitive theory Flashcards
what questions is charlton useful for
- social cognitive theory
aim of charlton and joy, kimball and zabrack
how television may influence agression in children
participants C,j,k,Z
J,K,Z - 120 children 3 towns in canda
c - st helena 160 children
procedure j,k,z
- behvior was assessed on a playground in 1973 and then 1975. notel got Tv introduced completley, the other towns got a new channel
- teachers and peers used
prodcuedure charlton
- Cameras set up in the primary schools on the island
- The behaviours were observed in 1994 and 2000
- Analysis of 100h of videotape, backed by interview data from teachers parents and children
results c,j,k.z
- For jpy kimball and zabrack they found that in the one town television was introduced completely rather than just one channel, aggressiveness increased significantly. They said the heightened arousal was due to their in-familiarity with television
- Charltons study found no increase in antisocial behavior over the two different periods and the good behaviour had been maintained
Joy, Kimball and zadbrack said tjat the thrill of television acted as arousal, as bandura did in the doll beating stydy. This reflects SCT whereby they picked up the aggressive behaviurs
So why not the African kids? Possibly because the children didnt resonate with the british tv being from st helena , they didnt feel they could behave as they saw on tv
results of c,z,k,j
These studies show SCT as simply tv doesn’t lead to violence but a set of factors come into play to cause a child to imitate what they see
strengths c,j,k,z
Strengths:
-Natural experiments meaning high ecological validity
-Many different researches analysed the data with use of a checklist. Additionally interviews were also used to compare data- data triangulation
0-Pre post test design where allowing to observe change over time.
weaknesses c,j,k,z
Weaknesses:
-Natural experiments means internal validity was low due to uncontrollable variables
-Hard to establish reliability of the findings, cannot be replicated
-No cause effect
what questions is bandura useful for
social cognitive theort
aim bandurA
If children are witnesses to an aggressive display by an adult, they will have the same behaviour;
-Children exposed to aggressive models will reproduce aggressive acts resembling them
-Children will act more of models of the same sex as themselves
Procedure bandura
- Children were assessed for aggressiveness on a 5 point scale towards inanimate objects, they were then grouped similarly based on this
-Tested individually. The model and children had different corners of the room, one decorated for adults and one for children.
-In non agressive condition the adult played with books, ignoring bobo
-In the aggressive condonation they beat and verbally abused the bobo
-Child was taken to another room
Stage two was mild aggression arousal, where they were given nice toys, but when they were starting to play with them they were confiscated and told it was saved for other kids
-Stage three experimenter stayed in the room both aggressive and none aggressive, their behavior was observed for 20 mins at 5 second intervals so 240 responses
-Observed for
Imitative physical agress
Imitative non psychal agress
Imitative none aggressive
Not imitations agressive
participants bandura
36 b 36 girl mean 52 months
6 boys got same sex agressive
6 boys got same sex passive
6 boys same diff sex agressive
6 boys got diff sex passive
results bandura
- Children who saw the aggressive one made more aggressive acts
- Boys were more aggressive
- Boys showed more aggression if their model was male
-Girls showed more physical aggression if model was male but verbal for female
-The only outlier was the action of punching the bobo were actions were revered
strentghs bandura
-They tried to avoid personality influence by pre testing children
-To improve the inter-rater reliability two further researchers compared their ratings which achieved a high correlation to the original one
-Using matched pairs to make groups
weaknesses bandura
- having lots of different conditions aims to unpack lots, plus small amount in each so could be influenced by natural personas of children
- Using ratings to group children welcomes variety
- Small sample and all from parents working at the uni; low generalizability
- It provides evidence that aggression may be learned, but does not remove the fact it may be biologically initiate
- Ethically problematic and cross sectional so doesn’t observe the long term effects on the children. Children experienced undue stress which could have lasting results
- Lacks ecological validity, it’s not usual for children to be left alone with strangers this way
