cultural dimensions Flashcards
aim Kulkofsky 2011
To investigate if there is a difference in the rate of flashbulb memory in collectivistic vs individualistic cultures
participants Kulkofsky
- German, China, Turkey, UK,USA
- 274 adults
- all were middle class
procedure Kulkofsky
- All were given 5 minutes to recall memories of public events occurring in their lifetime (at least one year ago)
- List was used to make a memory questionnaire
- They were asked the following five questions about the event:
1. Where were you when you first learned of the event?
2. What time of day was it?
3. How did you learn about it?
4. What were you doing at the time that you learned about it?
5. Whom were you with? - They were then asked:
1. How nationally or internationally important was the event?
2. How personally important was the event?
3. How surprising was the event?
4. How many times have you talked about the event since it happened? - Questionnaire was translated and back translated; meaning if they were translated by one person to Chinese, a different person would translate them back to make sure.
results Kulkosky 2011
- in collectivistic cultures eg china, the personal importance, and intensity of emission played less of a role in forming a FBM instead group impact may have been a larger part
- In individualistic cultures FBMs are more likely to form as the event directly impacts them and personal experiences
- It was found that national importance was equally related to FBM
strengths Kulkofsky
- interviewer from the cultures. This avoids the interviewer effect.
- answer in their native language so increasing their ability to recall.
- Using back translation meant that the translation of questions was not a confounding variable. This increases credibility.
weaknesses kulkofsky
- Elocology fallacy; participants were from these cultures doesn’t mean they necessarily share the traits of this cultures dimensions
- Etic approach means applying the same method to different cultures, however differences in self report could differ. Eg personal memories may exist but not be reported
berry what questions is it useful for
- research methods
- role of cultural dimensions
- role pf culture
berry aim
to test the level of conformity using an asch paradigm based on child and bacon 1959 who suggested fishing society = individualistic agricultural = collectivistic
berry participants
- Three cultures
- The temne of sierra leone (rice farming)
- Inuit people of baffin island canada (hunting and fishing)
- People who had never been in a western education, and people in transition experiencing western school or work
- Scottish people as a control group with both urban and rural
Temne ; traditional 90, transitional 32
Inuits; traditional 91 transitional 31
Scottish; rural 62 urban 60
berry procedure
- Into a room and shown ashes pidigram line test
- First two tests they were asked to match the appropriate line told in their own language
- 3rd trial they were told ‘most people of your culture chose ;xyz line, wich do u say? ; with the correct line shown
- 4-6 trial the wrong was shown
- Dv was calculated by how many lines away they were from the correct 1 in 4-6
berry results
Temne traditional 9.04
Temne transitional 8.61
Inuit traditional 2.75
Inuit transitional 2.25
Scott rural 4.00
Scott urban 3.85
temne had the highest level of conformity and thr canadians had less than the scotts. transitional or traditional didnt matter
berry strengths
- However researches used a control condition to strengthen internal validity
- Procedure is highly replicable
berry weaknsesses
- Lacks ecological validity , artificiality
- A quasi experiment so although IV was manipulated, random allocation could not happen and their culture is naturally occurring and therefore these could have influences their answers
- Etic approach cus the ash pidigram is standardized
- Questions of temporal validity, in a more globalized world with more access to media
- If too much ecological fallacy is used stereotyping about cultural groups can appear from research
