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PSYCO 347 > Social Cognition > Flashcards

Social Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Are our friends better or worse than us at predicting whether relationships will last?

A

Better.

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2
Q

What is the relationship between confidence and accuracy when assessing parters?

A

There is none.

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3
Q

Is believing partnerships are destined adaptive for relationships?

A

No.

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4
Q

Within the first 5 seconds of meeting someone, what can we determine? (5)

A

If they are angry, attractive, smart, extroverted, conscientious, etc.

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5
Q

What supplies us with preconceptions about what people are like?

A

Stereotypes.

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6
Q

When researchers put students together in conversations, how long after did first impressions have an effect?

A

9 months

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7
Q

What is the primacy effect?

A

The bias for the information one receives first.

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8
Q

What effect will people hearing about someone’s good traits before their bad ones have?

A

It will cause them to rationalize their negative characteristics because their first impression is the good traits.

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9
Q

What evidence is there for how perceptions control our interpretation of information?

A

Participants were shown a video of a girl answering hard questions but getting easy ones wrong. They were told she was either rich or poor, and their preconceived notions about the intelligence of rich/poor people affected how their viewed the girl’s intelligence.

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10
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

Seeking information that will prove us right and disregarding information that would prove us wrong.

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11
Q

What study on confirmation bias (confirmatory hypothesis testing) did Snyder and Swann conduct?

A

Told participants to interview someone and determine if they were extraverted/introverted. They asked questions that would confirm what they were asked to look for.

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12
Q

Why are first impressions so important?

A

Because the first information both directs our attention to new information, as well as influences our interpretations of new facts.

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13
Q

Where do the most accurate predictions regarding the future of a heterosexual relationship often come from?

A

The friends of the woman involved.

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14
Q

What explanations are there for why partners cannot accurately judge their relationships?

A

Because of their busy cognition and romantic frame of mine. Social interaction prevents them from carefully critiquing and correcting their erroneous impressions.

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15
Q

What common bias is present in people’s perceptions of their partners?

A

Cherrypicking. They judge lovers by positive illusions and consider their faults to be less important.

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16
Q

What are 4 benefits of positive illusions?

A

You judge partner behaviour in positive ways, are more willing to maintain the relationship, experience higher self-esteem, and revise our ideals of the ideal partner.

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17
Q

What are attributions?

A

The explanations we generate for why things happen.

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18
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of attributions?

A

Internal or external, global or specific, and stable or unstable.

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19
Q

What kind of attributions do we make for our partners positive behaviour in a satisfied relationship?

A

Relationship enhancing attributions: Internal, stable, global.

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20
Q

What kind of attributions do we make for our partners negative behaviour in a satisfied relationship?

A

Relationship enhancing attributions: External, unstable, specific.

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21
Q

What kind of attributions do we make for our partners positive behaviour in an dissatisfied relationship?

A

Distress-maintaining attributions: External, unstable, specific.

22
Q

What kind of attributions do we make for our partners negative behaviour in an dissatisfied relationship?

A

Distress-maintaining attributions: Internal, stable, global.

23
Q

What type of attributions do securely attached people tend to make?

A

Relationship-enhancing attributions.

24
Q

What type of people are more likely to make distress-maintaining attributions?

A

Those high in neuroticism.

25
Q

What is reconstructive memory?

A

The manner in which our memories are continually raised and rewritten as new information is obtained.

26
Q

What are joint memories?

A

Memories that couples typically work together to construct, setting the stage for joint reactions to new events.

27
Q

What do relationship schemas often include?

A

Romanticism.

28
Q

What is romanticism?

A

The view that love should be the most important basis for choosing a mate.

29
Q

What are 5 beliefs in romanticism?

A

Love will be perfect, each person only has one “true” love, true love will overcome any obstacle, and love is possible at first sight.

30
Q

What are 6 examples of dysfunctional beliefs?

A

Disagreements are destructive, “mind reading” is essential, parters cannot change, sex should be perfect every time, men and women are different, and great relationships just happen.

31
Q

What are destiny beliefs?

A

When partners assume that two people are either well-suited for each other and destined to live happily ever after, or they’re not.

32
Q

What are growth beliefs?

A

Partners assume that happy relationships are the result of hard work.

33
Q

What are the two functions that our self-concepts try to fulfill during social interaction?

A

Self-enhancement and self-verification.

34
Q

What is self-enhancement?

A

People seek feedback from others that will enhance their self-concepts and allow them tot think of themselves as desirable, attractive, competent people.

35
Q

What is self-verification?

A

We want feedback that sustains and is consistent with our existing self-concepts.

36
Q

How do self-concepts affect our choice of partners?

A

People seek intimate partners who support their existing self-concepts, good or bad. I.e., people with negative self-concepts would rather have a roommate that dislikes them.

37
Q

Why do people seek to confirm their self-concepts?

A

Because it helps them ward off anxiety and believe that the world is a predictable place.

38
Q

What does impression management involve?

A

Selective revealing to others.

39
Q

What ar the 4 strategies of impression management?

A

Ingratiation, self-promotion, intimidation, and supplication.

40
Q

What is ingratiation?

A

Doing favours, paying compliments, mentioning areas of agreement, and acting charming in order to get others to like us.

41
Q

What is self-promotion?

A

Recounting our accomplishments or strategically arranging public demonstrations of our skills.

42
Q

What is intimidation?

A

Portraying oneself as dangerous or menacing so that others will do their bidding. May damage relationships.

43
Q

What is supplication?

A

Presenting oneself as inept or infirm in order to avoid obligations and to elicit help and support from others.

44
Q

What are the general preferences for impression management strategies?

A

People will not use intimidation or supplication if ingratiation or self-promotion would work. But almost everyone uses intimidation and supplication at some point.

45
Q

What are three reasons for why intimate partners put less effort into their impression management around each other?

A

Less motivation to be charming and win approval, less we can do to affect what they think, or people get lazy.

46
Q

When in intimate relationships, how do people treat their partner’s images?

A

As part of their own.

47
Q

Which sex is better at judging their partners? Why might this be?

A

Women. Possible because they have more motivation to want to understand their relationships.

48
Q

What can affect a woman’s motivation to understand others?

A

Her menstrual cycle.

49
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

A set of abilities that describes a person’s talents in perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions.

50
Q

Men who are better able to interpret women’s emotions are also more likely to what?

A

Be more satisfied with their marriage.

51
Q

Men who more often read hostility and criticism are more likely to what?

A

Beat their wives.

52
Q

Which attachment style is most accurate at judging their partners?

A

Preoccupied attachment.

PSYCO 347 (7 decks)

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