Social Cognition:

Question 1

what is an attitude?

Answer 1

a relatively stable organisation of our beliefs, feelings and tendancys
they can be positive, negative or ambivalent

Question 2

what does the ABC model stand for?

Answer 2

affective- the way you feel
behaviour- the action/ behaviour
cognition-the belief

Question 3

what is Katz 4 attitude functions theory?

Answer 3

value expressive function- we can use attitudes to express who we are

ego-defensive function- protect us from feelings we don’t want to experience

utilitarian function- learn something give us pleasure some give us pein the intention is to maximise reward

knowledge function- provide an explanation for the world

Question 4

what is attitude formation influenced by?

Answer 4

indirect experiences- exposure to objects
direct experiences- personal experiences
learning- association, reward, punishment imitations

Question 5

how do you change attitudes?

Answer 5

through persuasion

Question 6

how do you retain successful persuasion?

Answer 6

who- the source
what- message
what means (how)- sending the message
to whom- who is sending the message

Question 7

how do we process information?

Answer 7

depending on high or low ability/ motivation

will determine if it is generally processed or peripherally processed

Question 8

What is the central route of persuasion?

Answer 8

factual information

higher anylitical pathway

Question 9

What is the peripheral route of persuasion?

Answer 9

not thought through messages

people who lean to lower cognition tend to follow the peripheral route

Question 10

what does the bidirectional relationship between behaviour and attitudes mean?

Answer 10

how much people monitor and regulate their public image

Question 11

what is self-monitoring?

Answer 11

is how we understand individual differences in attitude behaviour consistency

high and low self-monitoring

Question 12

what is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 12

when the attitudes and behaviours do not connect

causes heightened arousal which can be physically uncomfortable

Question 13

what is the self-perception theory?

Answer 13

depending on surroundings, changing their attitude to fit

Question 14

what is an impression?

Answer 14

how a person is seen by others

Question 15

what are non-verbal cues for impression formation?

Answer 15

height
perceived gender
weight
skin colour
age

Question 16

what are verbal cues on the semantic level?

Answer 16

disclosure
questions
information
acknowledgment
confirmation

Question 17

what are verbal cues on an expressive level?

give example

Answer 17

the way the information is provided
“no”. I am not mad
no. “I” am not mad

give two differing meanings

Question 18

what is self-handicapping?

Answer 18

form of impression management
protect us from the unpleasant possibilities of failure

if failure happens then there is an excuse lined up

Question 19

what is a social comparison?

Answer 19

learn about abilities and attitudes through comparison

Question 20

what is an upward social comparison?

Answer 20

comparisons with someone we feel is socially better than us

Question 21

what is a downward social comparison?

Answer 21

comparison with someone we feel is less successful than us

Question 22

what is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 22

we are context-dependent on personal situations however do not create a context to other peoples behaviour, leading to misjudgment

Question 23

what is a research method used for measuring attitudes?

Answer 23

the bogus pipeline
is a fake polygraph test to get people to tell the truth
used when trying to collect self-reported data