Introduction to Psychology

Question 1

what are the four levels of explanation?

Answer 1

biological level
basic processes level
person level
sociocultural level

Question 2

what is the biological level of explanation?

Answer 2

brain structure
neurotransmitters
hormones

Question 3

what is the basic processes level of explanation?

Answer 3

cognition
processing
memory

Question 4

what is the person level of explanation?

Answer 4

personality
age
sex/ gender

Question 5

what is the sociocultural level of explanation?

Answer 5

family
religion
culture

Question 6

what is an experimental design?

Answer 6

has an independent and dependent variable
has a control group and an experimental group
there should be no changes in the control group
the experimental group should have at least one manipulated variable

Question 7

what is the difference between a controlled experimental and quasi-experimental?

Answer 7

a controlled experiment has the participants randomly allocated into one of two groups
a quasi-experimental is when the participant can not be randomly allocated eg. an experiment based on hair colour

Question 8

what are the advantages and disadvantages of an experimental design?

Answer 8

an advantage is the contained environment therefore minimal extraneous variables
a disadvantage is a lab setting is artificial and may not be measuring the correct variable

Question 9

what is a quantitative observational design?

Answer 9

collects data with an independent and dependent variable without manipulation within a natural setting.

Question 10

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a quantitative observational design?

Answer 10

an advantage is most human behaviour can be studied in a naturalistic setting
a disadvantage is that a naturalistic setting allows for more extraneous variables

Question 11

what is a focus group?

Answer 11

group interview sharing ideas

collecting data through discussion

Question 12

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a focus group?

Answer 12

an advantage is it often uncovers topics that would not be discussed.
a disadvantage is that is distorted by bias from the participants and observer

Question 13

what is the Delfi technique?

Answer 13

is when a group of experts in a particular field are asked a series of questions.

Question 14

what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Delphi technique?

Answer 14

an advantage is there are fewer geographical limitations

a disadvantage is there is bias distortion

Question 15

what is qualitative data?

Answer 15

none numerical data

Question 16

what is objective data?

Answer 16

unbiased data

Question 17

what is subjective data?

Answer 17

biased data

Question 18

what is standard deviation?

Answer 18

summarises how far the score differs from the mean

Question 19

what is a descriptive statistic?

Answer 19

can be generalised to the wider population

Question 20

what is validity?

Answer 20

the research has produced results that accurately measure the behaviour or event

Question 21

what is external validity?

Answer 21

the results are valid outside of a lab setting

Question 22

what is internal validity?

Answer 22

the results are valid within the means of the research

Question 23

what is ecological validity?

Answer 23

the research can be used to a global population size

Question 24

list 6ethical considerations?

Answer 24

no psychological and physical harm
informed content
confidentiality and anonymity
voluntary participation
right to withdraw
accurate reporting and deception