Introduction to Psychology Flashcards
what are the four levels of explanation?
biological level
basic processes level
person level
sociocultural level
what is the biological level of explanation?
brain structure
neurotransmitters
hormones
what is the basic processes level of explanation?
cognition
processing
memory
what is the person level of explanation?
personality
age
sex/ gender
what is the sociocultural level of explanation?
family
religion
culture
what is an experimental design?
has an independent and dependent variable
has a control group and an experimental group
there should be no changes in the control group
the experimental group should have at least one manipulated variable
what is the difference between a controlled experimental and quasi-experimental?
a controlled experiment has the participants randomly allocated into one of two groups
a quasi-experimental is when the participant can not be randomly allocated eg. an experiment based on hair colour
what are the advantages and disadvantages of an experimental design?
an advantage is the contained environment therefore minimal extraneous variables
a disadvantage is a lab setting is artificial and may not be measuring the correct variable
what is a quantitative observational design?
collects data with an independent and dependent variable without manipulation within a natural setting.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a quantitative observational design?
an advantage is most human behaviour can be studied in a naturalistic setting
a disadvantage is that a naturalistic setting allows for more extraneous variables
what is a focus group?
group interview sharing ideas
collecting data through discussion
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a focus group?
an advantage is it often uncovers topics that would not be discussed.
a disadvantage is that is distorted by bias from the participants and observer
what is the Delfi technique?
is when a group of experts in a particular field are asked a series of questions.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Delphi technique?
an advantage is there are fewer geographical limitations
a disadvantage is there is bias distortion
what is qualitative data?
none numerical data
what is objective data?
unbiased data
what is subjective data?
biased data
what is standard deviation?
summarises how far the score differs from the mean
what is a descriptive statistic?
can be generalised to the wider population
what is validity?
the research has produced results that accurately measure the behaviour or event
what is external validity?
the results are valid outside of a lab setting
what is internal validity?
the results are valid within the means of the research
what is ecological validity?
the research can be used to a global population size
list 6ethical considerations?
no psychological and physical harm informed content confidentiality and anonymity voluntary participation right to withdraw accurate reporting and deception
